What you need today

1. They are: Simple Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound-Complex sentence Let's take them one at a time. What you need today Yellow response journal Writer’s Choice book Sentence combining worksheet (homework) Pen or pencil

2. They are: Simple Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound-Complex sentence Let's take them one at a time. April 24, 2013Phase 2/Unit IV/Lesson 2 Are all clauses a sentence? What makes a clause different from a phrase?

3. Study these phrases: • Afterthe team lost the game, the coach quit. • Afterlosing the game, the coach quit. • After the loss, the coach quit. Which is which? How do you know?

4. Type 1: Some words can be used as either prepositions or as subordinating conjunctions: • Afterthe team lost the game, the coach quit. • Afterlosing the game, the coach quit. • After the loss, the coach quit. Which is which? How do you know?

5. NOTES: • Some words can be used as either prepositions or as subordinating conjunctions: • After the election, we celebrated. • Prepositionsbegin prepositional phrases which do not contain a subject and/or a predicate. • Afterwe won the election, we celebrated. • Subordinating conjunctions begin dependent clauses which contain a subject and a predicate.

6. Type 2: Which sentence includes a dependent clause and which includes a prepositional phrase? Explain how you know by using sentences in your answers. • Before dinner, we wash our hands. • Before we eat dinner, we wash our hands.

7. NOTES: • Some subordinating conjunctions (especially those expressing time) can also act as prepositions. • As prepositions, they introduce a prepositional phrase without a subject and verb: • Before dinner, we wash our hands. • (prepositional phrase with no subject and verb) • As conjunctions, they introduce a dependent clausecontaining a subject and verb: • Beforeweeat dinner, we wash our hands. • (dependent clause with subject weand verb eat)

8. Type 2 ANSWER: Sentence 1 uses “before” as a preposition; its object is dinner. Sentence 2 uses “before” as a subordinating conjunction to begin the dependent clause “before we eat dinner”. • Before dinner, we wash our hands. • Before we eat dinner, we wash our hands.

9. They are: Simple Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound-Complex sentence Let's take them one at a time. May 1, 2013Phase 2/Unit IV/Lesson 3 What is the difference between these sentence structures? compound sentence v. simple sentence with a compound predicate compound sentence v. complex sentence

10. A CONCRETE IMAGE OF HOW SENTENCES WORK

11. Length does not determine what is and is not a sentence. Regardless of how long or short a group of words is, it needs two parts to be a sentence: a subject and a predicate. • The subject tells us who or what. • The predicate tells us what about it.

12. Who or what? What about it? He smiles. Autumn leaves twirl gently to the ground. The park district will open an outdoor ice skating rink in November. These two parts connect to form a basic sentence, also known as an independent clause.

13. Another way to describe a sentence is to compare it to a bike… The subject is one wheel; the predicate is the other wheel. These two parts connect to form a stable structure.

14. But most of the time our ideas include more details. We add extra words to the wheels. The neighborhood children play basketball at the community center. Students in the biology lab studied cells under an electron microscope.

15. Sentence Support Regardless of what kind of basket we add, we need a basic sentence to support it. Example:The new fitness center,which includes a swimming pool,will open in April. Basic sentence: The new fitness center will open in April. Basket:which includes a swimming pool We call this basket a dependent clause.

16. Sentence Variety Baskets are excellent ways to create sentence variety. Once we have a stable structure, we can add a variety of baskets on the front, in the middle, or on the back.

17. They are: Simple Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound-Complex sentence Let's take them one at a time. May 1, 2013Phase 2/Unit IV/Lesson 3 What is the difference between these sentence structures? compound sentence v. simple sentence with a compound predicate compound sentence v. complex sentence

18. They are: Simple Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound-Complex sentence Let's take them one at a time. Today’s vocabulary list sentence clause phrase independent clause dependent clause coordinating conjunction subordinating conjunction conjunctive adverb simple sentence simple sentence with a compound predicate compound sentence complex sentence

19. They are: Simple Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound-Complex sentence Let's take them one at a time. TODAY’S vocabulary list SENTENCE CLAUSE PHRASE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE DEPENDENT CLAUSE COORDINATING CONJUNCTION SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION conjunctive adverb simple sentence simple sentence with a compound predicate compound sentence complex sentence

20. Important Definition #1—Compound Sentence Two independent clauses joined by • A comma followed by a coordinating conjunction • Coordinating conjunctions = FANBOYS • FANBOYS = “for”, “and”, “nor”, “but”, “or”, “yet”, or “so” [Each independent clause has its own subject and predicate.]

21. Important Definition #1 (Part 2)—Compound Sentence Two independent clauses can also be joined with a semi-colon (;): • Semi-colons should be used when • the two subjects are identical • the sentences share a common pattern or topic [Each independent clause has its own subject and predicate.]

22. Important Definition #2—Simple Sentence with a Compound Predicate One independent clauses with the the same subject but two or more predicates joined by • a coordinating conjunction FANBOYS = “for”, “and”, “nor”, “but”, “or”, “yet”, or “so” • NO COMMA APPEARS UNLESS 3 or more PREDICATES complete the subject. [The single independent clause has a subject and multiple predicates.]

23. Important Definition #3—Complex Sentence One independent clause joined to one dependent clause by • A subordinating conjunction conjunction • Subordinating conjunctions can also be prepositions [Each clause—both the dependent and the independent clause—has its own subject and predicate.]

24. Common subordinating conjunctions • When • While • Since • Although • Before • After • Because • If • Even though • Whenever • Wherever • As • Until • unless

25. Important Definition #3— (Part 2) Complex Sentence When the dependent clause comes first,a comma separates it from the independent clause. No comma is used if the independent clause comes in front of the dependent clause. [Each clause—both the dependent and the independent clause—has its own subject and predicate.]