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KEY CONCEPT Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis.

KEY CONCEPT Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis. DNA and histones. Supercoiled DNA. DNA double helix. Chromatin. Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis. DNA wraps around proteins (histones) that condense it. chromatid. telomere. centromere. telomere.

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KEY CONCEPT Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Cells divide during mitosis and cytokinesis.

  2. DNA andhistones SupercoiledDNA DNA doublehelix Chromatin Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis. • DNA wraps around proteins (histones) that condense it.

  3. chromatid telomere centromere telomere Condensed, duplicated chromosome • DNA plus proteins is called chromatin. • One half of a duplicated (replicated) chromosome is a chromatid. • Sister chromatids are held together at the centromere. • Telomeres protect DNA and do not include genes.

  4. Parent cell centrioles spindle fibers centrosome nucleus with DNA Mitosis and cytokinesis produce two genetically identical daughter cells. • Interphase (remember 3 stages – G1, S and G2) During S of interphase, the DNA is copied (replicated).

  5. 1. Prophase, chromosomes condense and spindle fibers form. They “attach”. • Mitosis divides the cell’s chromosomes in four phases.

  6. 2. Metaphase - chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. (no nucleus)

  7. 3. Anaphase, sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell.

  8. 4. Telophase, the new nuclei form and chromosomes begin to uncoil.

  9. In animal cells, the membrane pinches closed. (outside in) • In plant cells, a cell plate forms (inside out) • Cytokinesis differs in animal and plant cells.

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