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Impact of Modernization on Polity

Impact of Modernization on Polity. “That institution in society that arranges for the distribution of power .”. Power & Authority. Max Weber Power The ability to have one’s own will prevail, even in the face of opposition from others Authority Legitimate power Consent of the governed.

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Impact of Modernization on Polity

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  1. Impact of Modernization on Polity “That institution in society that arranges for the distribution of power.”

  2. Power & Authority • Max Weber • Power • The ability to have one’s own will prevail, even in the face of opposition from others • Authority • Legitimate power • Consent of the governed

  3. Power & Authority • Types of Authority (Weber) • Charismatic • Unique personal power of exceptional individuals • Traditional • Received from the past • Conferred by birthright or higher authority • Often unlimited • Rational-Legal (dominant in modern world) • Incumbent in the office, not the person

  4. Power & Authority • Power by law v. tradition • Restricted by explicit, universal, impersonal rules • To what do people consent?

  5. From Feudalism to the Nation-State • Feudalism (Traditional authority) • Kingdoms v. nations • Areas of land controlled by royalty • Territories awarded to princes/vassals • Fiefdoms • In exchange for oath of loyalty to monarch • Princes organized armies • Divide up territory among serfs • Oath of loyalty

  6. From Feudalism to the Nation-State • System was legitimated by divine right of kings • Power "granted by God" • Heirs, blood-lines • Majority of people • No voice • No mobility • Political Revolutions of late 18th century • Revolt against feudalism

  7. From Feudalism to the Nation-State • Replaced by the nation-state • Nation: geographically and politically bounded territory • state: organized apparatus of government within that territory • Rational-legal authority: the state • State: governing body made up of either individuals themselves or their elected representatives • State embodies, carries out, "will of the people“ • Power is in the office, not the person • Universalistic criteria for advancement • Impersonal use of the office

  8. From Feudalism to the Nation-State • The state is a bureaucratic organization • Tool for efficient accomplishment of politically related tasks • How should the state be run? • Determined by parties: “groups of people organized to seize the power of the state” • Types of Democracy • Direct • Parties are weak • Representative • Too many people, society too complex

  9. From Feudalism to the Nation-State • Political parties become important • Candidates must organize & motivate people to vote for them • “Pluralistic” Democracy • Organizations represent the people’s interests • Lobbies • PACs

  10. Who Has Power? • Debate • C. Wright Mills: The Power Elite • Small group has power • Military • Economy • Government • Dwight Eisenhower: Military-industrial complex • Robert Dahl: power is pluralistic • All interests have a voice • Dominant trends • Declining political participation

  11. Who Has Power? • Increasing political alienation • Mills or Dahl?

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