Modernization of Japan

1. Modernization of Japan

2. Commodore Perry President Millard Fillmore sends the Commodore to negotiate an “open door” trade agreement in 1853 The Commodore had 4 steam powered ships which send off a cannon salute upon arriving in Yokohama

3. Tokugawa Shogun receives the Commodore

4. And his “Black Ships”

5. Arguments for Opening People must be active in technological advances Japan will relicense its own trade vessel On board Dutch merchant ships will be Japanese training in war craft & navigation Use China & Dutch as intermediators to outside Allow American coal refueling & provide a safe harbor for stranded sailors

6. Argument Against Opening Japan Worried about unequal trade balance Americans were abominable…might convert Japanese into Christians Worried that Japan may appear weak If Japan opens up to American trade, it would need to open to other trade partners. Opening up to trade would go against traditional law.

7. Treaty of Kanagawa Americans could use 2 ports Shipwrecked sailors would be treated fairly Foreigners had “extraterritorial rights”….briefly Modern Yokohama

8. Meiji Restoration In 1867, the last Shogun was a boy. He steps down after being pressured by young reform minded samurai A young emperor is brought to Edo (Tokyo) to rule over a new Japan

9. Emperor’s New Powers Power to open or close Parliament Supreme command of the military Power to rule directly if necessary Declare war, peace and conclude treaties Power to approve laws He is born “divine” “sacred & infallible”

10. Meiji Reforms Samurai must give up their special status, their weapons and their traditional clothing New Parliament New surnames: the Confucian class system Introduction of Western Education system and western technology

11. Rapid Industrialization Government subsidized the recruitment of European engineers Transportation systems were copied instead of purchased

12. Migration & Urbanization Just as in the United States and Europe, thousands head to the cities for work. Concentration on export industries: silk, porcelain, cameras, ship-building and toys

13. The Moderns

14. Modern Girl She still lives at home She contributes to the family income She allows a matchmaker to find her husband Her father still buys her kimono…which she rarely wears She doesn’t work after she has children

15. 2011: Office Lady by day… champion shopper by night

16. Imperial Japan By 1890, rapid modernization of military & navy New Constitution Delegations sent abroad Japanese students sent abroad Tokyo University

17. Compulsory Education

18. Saigo Takamori: The Last Samurai

19. Samurai Reaction Battle field experienced during the wars of Daimyo in-fighting before the Restoration He agreed with the Restoration but not with the modernization of Japan or the elimination of the rice stipend He died in the uprising of 1877—effectively ended the age of the Samurai

20. Rapid Militarization Military open to all social classes Conscription (draft) Navy & Army based on European systems Purchased & built modern naval vessels German built Yakumo

21. Japanese Imperialism Just as its European competitors, Japans industrialization required raw resources not available in Japan. Japan challenges its neighbors: China, Russia, Korea and Formosa

22. Sino-Japanese War Dispute over Japanese trade in Korea. China sent troops to Korea to support Korean king 1895 Agreement led to Japanese control of Taiwan and parts of Manchuria

23. Russo-Japanese War Russia and Japan disagreed over Korea 1904 Japan attacked Russian navy docked close to Manchuria Attacked Russian troops in Korea 1905 Japan gains control of Korea with the Treaty of Portsmouth

24. Korea as a colony 1907 King Sunjong gave up control of his country 1910 Korean army is disbanded and Korea is annexed to Japan Japanese civilians are encouraged to colonize Korea Koreans were treated as 2nd class citizens in their own country