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ITALIAN NATIONALISM and the creation of united ITALY

ITALIAN NATIONALISM and the creation of united ITALY. The Kingdom of Italy was ruled by Napoleon, Naples by his brother-in-law and Rome by the Pope. The Congress of Vienna restored the states and old monarchies in 1815. Nationalism began to rise with groups like the secret Carbonari.

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ITALIAN NATIONALISM and the creation of united ITALY

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  1. ITALIAN NATIONALISM and the creation of united ITALY

  2. The Kingdom of Italy was ruled by Napoleon, Naples by his brother-in-law and Rome by the Pope

  3. The Congress of Vienna restored the states and old monarchies in 1815

  4. Nationalism began to rise with groups like the secret Carbonari

  5. Three ideas for unification emerged: Republic, Monarchy, The Pope

  6. Giuseppe Mazzini formed the Young Italy movement in 1831 to drive out foreign rule and create a Republic of Italy

  7. King Victor Emmanuel I The Kingdom of Sardinia became the hope of monarchists

  8. Vincenzo Gioberti Pope Pius IX The ‘Neo-Guelphs’ favored unification under the Pope

  9. 1848: Italian Nationalists rose in revolt against state governments

  10. Mazzini and Garibaldi declared the Republic of Italy in Rome, 1848

  11. The Revolutions of 1848-49 failed: The French restored Pope Pius IX; Austria regained Lombardy and Venetia

  12. Count Camilo di Cavour, Prime Minister of Sardinia, became the leader of the pragmatic movement to unite Italy

  13. Cavour’s goal: Unite Italy under the Constitutional Monarchy of Sardinia

  14. Cavour and Sardinia allied with Napoleon III and France to drive Austria out of Italy

  15. 1859: France and Sardinia drove Austria out of Lombardy

  16. Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was crowned King of Italy, March 1861

  17. Garibaldi and his Red Shirts conquered Sicily and Naples

  18. Garibaldi met Victor Emmanuel II; Naples was annexed to Italy

  19. British cartoon showing the roles of Garibaldi and King Victor Emmanuel II in uniting Italy Right foot in the boot this time.

  20. After the Seven Weeks’ War, 1866, Italy gained Venetia as the ally of victorious Prussia

  21. The French army remained in Italy until France declared war on Prussia, July 1870

  22. When the French withdrew, the Papal States were annexed to the Kingdom of Italy, September 1870

  23. Pope Pius IX refused to recognize the annexation of the Papal States. He considered himself to be the ‘Prisoner of the Vatican’. “I must surrender the sword, my son, but I keep the keys!”

  24. Italy and the Vatican settled their differences in the Lateran Pact of 1929.

  25. Italian Nationalist Heroes Cavour: “The Head” Mazzini:“The Soul” Garibaldi: “The Sword” Victor Emmanuel II:“The Sovereign”

  26. Summary of Italian Unification • Nationalism was set in motion by Napoleonic Wars • Congress of Vienna re-established separate states; Austria became the dominant power • Piedmont-Sardinia emerged as the state to lead Italian unification • Giuseppe Mazzini was the inspiring leader of Italian Nationalism • Giuseppe Garibaldi was the untiring, dedicated creator of the force that created Italy • Camilo Benso di Cavour was the practitioner of realpolitik who made the practical moves necessary for unification; Constitutional monarchy was the compromise • Uprisings, revolutions and wars in 1820, 1830, 1848, 1859-60, 1866, 1870 and 1915-18 created the nation • Not until 1929 were Italy and the Catholic Church reconciled

  27. The Italian peninsula in 1859

  28. Italy in 1870

  29. The End

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