22. Sep. 2016 Mitsu FUJIMAKI Japanese Red Cross Society

1. RC Nuclear DisasterResource Center -Background, Achievement, Collaboration- 22. Sep. 2016 Mitsu FUJIMAKI Japanese Red Cross Society

2. Outline – RC Nuclear Disaster Resource Center • NDRC is not an official reference center approved by IFRC Governing Board • Established after IFRC resolution(11/46)’’ Preparedness to respond to the humanitarian consequences of nuclear accidents’’ • Run and stationed by/in Japanese RC but operational budget has been contributed from recovery fund donated after GEJE 2011 RC Nuclear Disaster Resource Center Digital archives run by NDRC One department in DM JRCS • Disseminating information of JRCS activities toward RN preparedness • Established at Oct 2013 • Networking information between authorities and organization • Access to 1,900 articles, documents, website in English and Japanese • Maintenance, design, translation and formulation of website are outsourced • Annual budget:450,000USD for 2016 • Main body of JRCS for RN disaster preparedness • Established at Oct 2013 • 3 line managers and 3 full time staff • Annual budget:860,000USD for 2016

3. Timeline – Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident and response 15：36 14：46 18：01 Hydrogen explosion at Unit 1 Massive earthquake (M9.0) occurred. Hydrogen explosion at Unit 3 15：37 Ｆ1 NPP lost its power source to cool down nuclear fuel rod due to Tsunami 19：03 Declaration of Nuclear Emergency 21：23 Fukushima NPP accident & evacuation 5：44 18：25 Evacuation order to residents within 10km radius Evacuation order to residents within 20km radius Evacuation order to residents within 3km radius of NPP Residents evacuated amid confusion as the evacuation order expanded to a wider area. 16：30 16：40 10：00 JRCS DMATs and RTs began to be deployed from across Japan. Decisions were made to relocate RTs to gain distance from the NPP Fukushima Chapter ordered all RTs deployed in Fukushima to return to the chapter. All RTs from other chapters temporarily left Fukushima. Only Fukushima Red Cross Hospital RTs continued relief activities. JRCS deployment of relief teams 12：00 19：00 16：00 Fukushima Chapter cancelled requests for RT deployment from other chapters. RTs began to travel to Nihonmatsu for body contamination screening. 12 JRCS DMATs and RTｓ were deployed in Fukushima.

4. Nuclear Disaster Preparedness by the JRCS Establishment of NDRC/Digital Archive JRCS Manual for Relief Activities under Nuclear Disasters IFRC GA Resolution to enhance preparedness for nuclear and radiological emergencies Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident JRCS Nuclear Disaster Basic Training Session for relief team members Establish a network among Japanese Red Cross radiation emergency hospitals/Radiation Emergency Medicine Advisors JRCS “Nuclear Disaster Guidelines for Preparedness, Response and Recovery” developed Procurement & Delivery of radiation protective equipment and materials for each chapter completed 2011.3 2013.5 2014.11 2015.3 2011.11 2013.10 2014.8 2014.3 • The JRCS has made efforts to prepare for nuclear disaster response based on the lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi accident, and a resolution on “preparedness to respond to the humanitarian consequences of nuclear accidents” adopted at the General Assembly of the IFRC in November 2011.

5. JRCS Codes - Guidelines • The experiences and reflections of the activities during & after the Fukushima Daiichi accident. • Lack of knowledge on radiation, equipment and materials; no safety guidelines for staff, etc. • JRCS “Nuclear Disaster Guidelines for Preparedness, Response and Recovery” was developed. • (March 2015) • <Main Purpose> • - To protect lives, health and safety of affected people; • - To secure Staff Safety • <Target audience> • - JRCS staff; • - JRCS volunteers, etc. • Committee for the Guidelines • Consists of experts outside of JRCS (physicians and radiological technologists, etc.) and JRCS staff who engaged in relief activities. 11 members in total; • Had discussion from March to December 2014.

6. JRCS Codes -Guidelines • Work outside the “restricted area (evacuation order area)” • Keep cumulative radiation dose below 1 mSv. • Consultation mechanism/Radiological Emergency Medical Advisor • Actions, Considerations in Preparedness, Response, Recovery phase Restricted area (Evacuation order area) Nuclear power plant First aid station Residents near the plant Evacuation Shelter Medical relief by relief teams Response to evacuees by relief teams

7. Stockpile of Radiation protective gears & equipment 1.Type of Radiation measurement equipment (1) Measurement equipment for ambient dose rate: Ionization chamber survey meter ICS-323C to measure how much radiation is in the environment. (2) Measurement equipment for surface contamination: GM survey meter TGS-146B to check how much/where surface in contaminated. (3) Measurement equipment for personal radiation dose: personal dosimeters PDM-222VB to measure personal radiation dose throughout the mission and record/alert. Ionization chamber survey meter (ambient dose rate) 2. Radiation protective gear To prevent radioactive materials from attaching to the body and entering into the body. GM survey meter (surface contamination) • Example of protective gear: • Hooded protective clothing • Dust mask with filter • Protective goggles • Gloves (cotton gloves and contamination protective rubber gloves) • Shoe covers • Tape to fill spaces Personal dosimeter (personal radiation dose)

8. Allocation of radiation protective gears & equipment for JRCS staff ・JRCS divides whole Japanese land into five operational blocks. ・Eachof protective/measurement equipment are placed on each block. JRCS HQs and as whole JRCS 1st Block 4th Block 5th Block 2nd Block 3rd Block 6th Block Block representative chapter

9. Major nuclear power facilities in Japan Locations of major nuclear facilities ・In Japan, there are 43 operable nuclear reactors in nuclear power plants in 16 locations. ・The government stopped all operating NPP after Fukushima NPP accident and checked whole plant under more strict safety standards. ・At this moment, Sendai and Ikata NPP are only two commercially operating NPP. NPP Reactor for research Tomari NPP Fuel processing facilities, etc. Higashidori NPP Kashiwazaki Kariwa NPP Onagawa NPP Shika NPP Tsuruga NPP Fukushima Daiichi NPP Mihama NPP Fukushima Daini NPP Ohi NPP Takahama NPP Tokai Daini NPP Shimane NPP Genkai NPP Hamaoka NPP Ikata NPP Sendai NPP

10. JRCS Radiation Emergency Hospitals/Radiation Emergency Medical Advisors ・Local government designates nine JRC hospitals as radiation emergency hospitals, in total JRCS has 12 hospitals specialized in Radiation Emergency Medicine. ・One radiation specialized doctor andone radiologicaltechnologist are assigned as radiation emergency medical advisor from each 12 hospitals. Location of Major NPP and JRC hospitals related to radiation emergency medicine Major NPP and nuclear facilities JRC hospitals designated as radiation emergency hospitals Tomari NPP Related JRC hospitals Date RC Hospital Kashiwazaki Kariwa NPP JRC Ishinomaki Hospital Onagawa NPP Shika NPP JRC Fukui Hospital JRC Fukushima Hospital Tsuruga NPP Fukushima Daiichi NPP Mihama NPP Fukushima Daini NPP Ohi NPP Takahama NPP Research reactor Tokai Daini NPP Shimane NPP Processing facility/ Reprocessing facility Matsue RC Hospital JRC Karatsu Hospital JRC Mito Hospital Genkai NPP Hamaoka NPP Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital Research reactor Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital Nagahama RC Hospital Maizuru RC Hospital Matsuyama RC Hospital Sendai NPP Ikata NPP

11. Consultation mechanism with Radiation Emergency Medical Advisor Deployment of radiation emergency medical advisors • Radiation emergency medical advisors for JRCS headquarters • Consultation on overall response plan as JRCS • Coordination with central RN related authority/agency • Radiation emergency medical advisors for affected chapters • Consultation on response activities regarding on radiological condition. • Monitor and control responders’ cumulative radiation dose Role of radiation emergency medical advisors in the manual Radiological Specialized Doctor Radiological Technologist • ①Training for relief team members for safe activity • Basic knowledge of radiation • Usage of protective equipment • ②Consultation on relief activities • Planning relief activities • Use of protective measures/medicine • Evacuation/Relocation • ③Medical/Psychological follow up after mission • ①Training for relief team members for safe activity • Usage of measurement equipment • ②Monitor ambient dose rate and personal radiation dose. • Monitor risk information from Authority • Record/Control personal radiation dose for relief teams • ③Maintain protective/measurement equipment

12. Training Course for JRCS relief team members • Formulate training modules for JRCS relief team with REM advisors. • 4 training courses were completed and about 300 members were trained. • 3 training courses are planned in every coming year targeting 150-200 p • Structure of the training session

13. NDRC - Digital Archives Nuclear Disaster Resource Center http://ndrc.jrc.or.jp/?lang=en

14. Archives/Special Contents/Seminars/Information Portal Digital Archives Front Page (http://ndrc.jrc.or.jp/?lang=en) Digital Archives: Contents can be searched by using search function: by keywords,categories, subjects, time and locations. • Special contents: • Focusing specific topic regarding RN disaster, prepardness, response, recovery. • EX) • Efforts for nuclear disaster preparedness by the IFRC Information Portal Links to websites where nuclear disaster related information is contained.

15. Archives/Guideline/NDRC Preparedness Nuclear Disaster Guidelines Nuclear Disaster Guidelines Preparedness for Nuclear Disasters

16. What are on the Digital Archives? Japanese Only: 3 Japanese and English: 24 Videos Pictures（562） Web Pages Documents JRCS Web Pages As of Aug, 2016

17. Services can be provided to NSs in AP • Information available in the NDRC Archive • ・Process of formulating the guideline, consideration, regulations • ・Outputs in the process of preparedness, response, recovery • ・Networks/Links with various stakeholders/organizations • Provision of protective/measurement equipment as relief items • Deployment of radiation emergency medicine advisors to affected country • Deployment of REM advisors for training/workshop for preparedness/response/recovery • Consultation with NS which plans to establish RN preparedness

18. Services can be provided to NSs through IFRC • NDRC has financially supported IFRC CBRN section since 2013 • IFRC has developed tools to strengthen RN preparedness • ・IFRC‘Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Guideline’（Oct,2015） • 　 ・IFRClearning platform ’Nuclear Emergency Preparedness ’ • Opportunities to strengthenRN preparedness • ・NS Consultation Meeting on Nuclear Disaster Preparedness in Tokyo（May,2012） • 　 ・Reference Group Meeting on RN Emergency Preparedness • (Vienna Aug 2013,Geneva Jan 2014,Fukushima Oct 2014,Berlin Sep 2015） • Disseminationof IFRC guideline, (CB)RN workshop (5-9 Dec Vienne 2016 ) Contact IFRC CBRN Martin KROTTMAYER martin.krottmayer@ifrc.org NDRC JRCS Programe Officer Mitsu FUJIMAKI mi-fujimaki@jrc.or.jp

19. PossiblecollaborationwithAPRef-centeronDMCR • Informationsharingbymutualweblinksbetweenbothwebsite • Providetechnicalassistance/humanresourceforRNrelatedprogram • IntroduceanREMadvisortotechnical advisory group of the ref-center • Participate, co-organize seminar or workshop related to RN program • Incorporate RN preparedness to IFRC regional DM mechanism, such as RDRT • Foster an awareness of (CB)RN preparedness in AP region