WWII- End of the War in North Africa and Europe

1. WWII- End of the War inNorth Africa and Europe

2. Describe the major events that led to the end of WWII in Europe. Key Terms: Opening Activity: What was Hitler’s plan after he failed to take Britain? • -North Africa Campaign • -Italian Campaign • -Tuskegee Airmen • -Allies • -The Battle of Stalingrad • -D-Day • -Battle of the Bulge • -V-E Day • -22nd Amendment

3. 1938-1940 Japan invades China US Embargo of Japanese Oil Germany uses Blitzkrieg in Poland, and takes Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg US starts the Draft France & GB sign Munich Pact- Appeasement Policy towards Germany France falls to the Germans. 1938 1939 1940 Non-Aggression Pact- Soviet Union and Germany US Lend- Lease Act Hitler takes Austria and Czechoslovakia Battle of Britain- First loss for Germany. Britain holds on, but barely. France & GB declare war on Germany US Neutrality Act- “cash and carry”

4. AXIS: Germany Italy Japan WWII • ALLIES: • Great Britain • France • Soviet Union • US • China

5. Nazis in N. Africa Feb. 1941 • Hitler hoped to cut off the Allies supply of oil coming from the Middle East. • Nazis AfrikaKorps, led by Erwin Rommel- although under equipped was successful until the US entered the war.

6. War on Russia June 1941 • Hitler breaks the Non-Aggression Pact with Stalin • Germany invaded Soviet Union • Blitzkrieg overwhelmed poorly trained Soviet Army. • As Soviets retreat they burned everything of use so the Nazis would have no resources. • Soviet Union joined the Allies (US, Great Britain, and France)

8. Europe 1942

9. Allied Strategies -Stalin pressured US and GB to open a second front in France. -Churchill wanted the US and GB to begin fighting in Africa. -FDR decided on Africa because the Germans were not as strong there. -Stalin never forgave the US because it left the Soviets to fight on their own in Europe.

11. North Africa Campaign, 1942 • In Nov.1942, Allied forces landed in Morocco and Algeria, led by US General Dwight Eisenhower and took Tunisia • British forces attacked from Egypt. • The Allies captured N. Africa by May of 1943. • Allowed the Allies easy access to Italy

13. Battle for ITALY (1942-43) • -U.S. lands in Sicily and takes the island. • -Allies moved into the mainland and met little resistance. • -Mussolini is removed from power. And escapes to N. Italy. • -American forces continue north through Italy, but meet heavy resistance from the German Army. • Tuskegee Airman proved their ability at the Battle of Anzio • Allied advances were stopped by October.

14. Rome falls, so does Mussolini • -Mussolini was captured attempting to flee into Germany, he was put on trial, found guilty and shot.

15. Battle of Stalingrad Clip • As you watch think about -Why would Stalin want the US to fight Germany on a second front?

16. Stalingrad (Aug. 1942-Jan 1943) • Soviets held off Nazis until the Winter of 1943 when the battle took place in the city streets of Stalingrad • The Russian winter along with Stalin's unwillingness to surrender the city of Stalingrad led to the German's losing. • German soldiers were freezing and starving • 200,000 German troops were lost in the battle.

17. Outcome of the East • -1,100,000 SOVIET CIVILIAN & MILITARY DEATHS • -TURNING POINT OF THE WAR IN THE EAST

19. Effects of war on industrial cities

20. Allies Air War • Bombing was used to destroy the enemy's war making ability. • US favored precision bombing- bombing specific targets • British favor saturation bombing- the rapid release of many bombs in one area • Resulted in many civilian casualties

22. (Same as yesterday) End of the War in Europe Key Terms Opening Activity What was the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe? • D-Day • Eisenhower • Battle of the Bulge • V-E Day • Harry Truman • 22nd Amendment

23. 2nd Allied Front- In France • Operation “Overlord”: The Liberation of France • U.S. and G.B. organize an invasion from the West. • Organized by General Dwight Eisenhower • Takes place on D-Day June 6, 1944

26. D-Day: Normandy Beach • JUNE 6, 1944 • Invasion leaves from England, to cross the English Channel • Used 1,200 warships, 800 transport ships,4,000 landing crafts, 10,000 airplanes • Enters Axis territory at Normandy Beach in France • Allies suffer huge casualties- 10,000 the first day • Invasion finally complete by July over 2 million Allied soldiers landed in France. • By August France was freed from the Nazis

27. Battle of the BulgeDec. 1944 WAR IS OVER • -Last major battle of WWII: Belgium • -Hitler attempts to stage one last offensive,Germans surprised Americans creating a “bulge” in the Allied line -Americans from the south of France arrive to stop the Germans.-Over 100,000 Germans killed- they were unable to wage war after this battle

28. V-E Day • Despite 18 million Soviet Civilian & Military deaths the Russians took Berlin in April 1945 • Hitler committed suicide April 20th 1945 • On May 8, 1945 the Allies celebrated V-E Day, victory in Europe • FDR passed away in April 12, 1945 and • Harry S. Truman became president • 22nd Amendment is created, limits the president to two terms

29. Next up: War in the Pacific