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The War for Europe and North Africa

The War for Europe and North Africa. Chapter 17 Section 2 Pages 569-577. The Battle of the Atlantic 1941-1943. U-boats off the coast of the eastern U.S. sink 87 ships 7 months sank 681 Allied ships Prevent war materials and food from reaching the British and Soviets

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The War for Europe and North Africa

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  1. The War for Europe and North Africa Chapter 17 Section 2 Pages 569-577

  2. The Battle of the Atlantic1941-1943 • U-boats off the coast of the eastern U.S. sink 87 ships • 7 months sank 681 Allied ships • Prevent war materials and food from reaching the British and Soviets • Starve Britain into submission

  3. The Battle of the Atlantic1941-1943 • Convoys escorted by destroyers • Sonar onboard ships • Airplanes equipped with radar • Allies destroy U-boats faster than Germany can build them • The U.S. producing 140 Liberty ships per month

  4. The Battle of StalingradSummer 1942 – January 1943 • To capture the southern oil fields of the Caucasus Mountains • To destroy a major industrial city • Stalin demands the defense of his namesake city at all costs • Brutal hand-to-hand combat • Germans control 90% of city

  5. The Battle of StalingradSummer 1942 – January 1943 • Soviets counterattack and surround German army • Hitler orders them to stand and fight • Soviets suffer 1,100,000 dead • Germans suffer an irreversible defeat

  6. The North African Front November 1942-May 1943 • During Stalingrad, Stalin demands the Allies open a “second front” in Europe • This will relieve pressure on Soviets by diverting German troops to France • FDR and Churchill don’t feel ready • Launch Operation Torch instead under the command of Dwight D. Eisenhower

  7. The North African FrontNovember 1942-May 1943 • 107,000 Allied troops land at Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers • Defeat General Erwin Rommel, the Desert Fox, and his Afrika Corps • Review map on page 572

  8. Casablanca Conference • FDR and Churchill meet to discuss the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers • Meaning that enemy nations would have to agree to whatever terms of peace the Allies dictated • Next, they discussed where to invade next • FDR wanted France • Churchill wanted Italy

  9. The Italian CampaignSpring 1944 • N. Africa is launching point to invade Sicily, Summer of 1943 • Embarrassed the Italian government and King strip Mussolini of his power and arrest him • Rescued by German special forces • Killed trying to escape to Austria in April 1945 • 40 miles south of Rome the Germans take a stand • “Bloody Anzio” lasts 4 months and costs 25,000 Allied and 30,000 Germans killed or wounded

  10. D-DayJune 6, 1944 • Eisenhower named Supreme Allied Commander • Operation Overlord begins • 3 million American, British, and Canadian troops gather • Secrecy and deception • Phantom army placed in Dover under Patton’s command • Fake port of Calais invasion

  11. D-DayJune 6, 1944 • Largest air-land-sea operation in history • 5,000 ships • 150,000 soldiers • 50,000 vehicles • 11,000 planes • 13,000 bombs • 23,000 airborne (parachute & glider) troops • 50 miles of Normandy, France • Map on page 575

  12. D-DayJune 6, 1944 • Fortress Europe & the Atlantic Wall • 24,000 miles of defensive positions • Field Marshal Erwin Rommel • Estimated 4-9,000 causalities • Allied causalities • 6,000 wounded • 4,000+ dead

  13. D-DayJune 6, 1944 • After 7 days • 80 miles of beachhead • 1 million troops • 567,000 tons of supplies • 170,000 vehicles • August 25, Patton and the 3rd Army liberates Paris

  14. D-DayJune 6, 1944 • By September 1944, France, Belgium and Luxembourg are free • FDR is elected to an unprecedented 4th term

  15. The Battle of the Bulge • October 1944, Americans capture the German town of Aachen • Hitler orders the capture of Antwerp • December 16, 8 German divisions break through an 80 mile front (see transparency) • 200,000 Germans and 600 tanks • Americans 80,000 men, 400 tanks

  16. The Battle of the Bulge • 60 mile bulge in Allied line • 120 Americans captured near Malmedy by SS troopers and executed in open field • 101st Airborne hold Bastogne • Clouds and fog clear and US air forces turn the tide • Germans lose men and material that they can no longer replace

  17. Liberation of the Death Camps • July 1944, Soviets pushing through Poland find Majdanek • 1,000 starving prisoners • World’s largest crematorium • 800,000 shoes • “A gigantic murder plant”

  18. Germany Surrenders • The Red Army enters Berlin • Deserters are shot on the spot • April 29, Hitler marries Eva Braun • Take their lives • April 12, 1945, FDR dies from a stroke • May 8, 1945 is V-E Day – Victory in Europe Day • Harry S. Truman is sworn in as president

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