THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

1. THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD Noun clauses Subjunctive vs indicative vs infinitive

2. You already know many tenses in the indicative mood. • This mood is used to talk about facts or real events.

3. The subjunctive mood is used in complex sentences to express hypothetical situations (things that may or may not be real or factual) or situationstoward which the speaker is expressing feelings or attitude.

4. SUBJUNCTIVE IN NOUN CLAUSES • The independent clause (or main clause) stands alone and expresses a complete idea. • The dependent clause (or subordinate clause) cannot stand alone and depends on the main clause to complete its message.

5. 2 Clauses Ella sugiere que yo ponga atención. She suggests that I pay attention. Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject + Verb Connected by the word “que” Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.” Subjunctive mood Indicative mood

6. SUBJUNCTIVE IN NOUN CLAUSES • The subjunctive mood can only be used in the dependent clause. • However, the subjunctive is not automatically used in all dependent noun clauses.

7. What you need • Independent clause with a subject and a verb in the indicative (or an expression) that expresses wish, preference, recommendation, emotion, feeling, doubt or denial. • Dependent clause with a DIFFERENT subject must have the verb in the subjunctive.

8. Some verbs that express wish, emotion, doubt, etc. • Sugerir (e > ie) • Alegrarse • Sentir (e > ie) • Temer • Tener miedo • Dudar • Negar (e > ie) • No creer • No estar seguro • Desear • Esperar • Querer (e > ie) • Mandar • Insistir en • Necesitar • Permitir • Preferir (e > ie) • Prohibir • Recomendar (e > ie)

9. Ejemplos • Recomendamos que limpien la playa hoy. Independent clause Subject = nosotros Verb expressing desire in the indicative mood Dependent clause Subject = ellos (Uds.) Verb in the subjunctive mood (We recommend that they clean the beach today.)

10. Temen que el aparato esté dañado. Independent clause Subject = ellos (uds.) Verb expressing emotion in the indicative mood Dependent clause Subject = el aparato Verb in the subjunctive mood (They fear that the apparatus is (might be) damaged.)

11. Dudo que el combustible sea económico. Independent clause Subject = yo Verb expressing doubt in the indicative mood Dependent clause Subject = el combustible Verb in the subjunctive mood I doubt that the fuel is (might be) inexpensive.

12. What happens if…? • If the verb in the independent (main) clause does not express wish, emotion, doubt, etc. • The verb in the dependent clause must also use the indicative mood.

13. Independent clause Expression of certainty in the indicative mood Dependent clause Verb in the indicative mood • Es cierto que el combustible es muy caro. • Sabemos que limpian la playa hoy. (It is true that fuel is very expensive.) Independent clause Expression of certainty in the indicative mood Dependent clause Verb in the indicative mood (We know that they clean the beach today.)

14. What happens if…? • If the subject in the independent (main) clause is the same as in the dependent clause. • The dependent clause must take the infinitive of the verb. • And the word que is no longer used in the sentence to connect the two clauses.

15. Independent clause Subject = yo Verb in the indicative Dependent clause Subject = yo Verb in the infinitive • Esperosacar buenas notas en los exámenes. (Ihope that I get good grades on the exams.) (I hope to get good grades on the exams.)

16. Independent clause Subject = nosotros Verb in the indicative mood Dependent clause Subject = nosotros Verb in the infinitive • Tememospagar muy caro por el combustible. (Wefear that we pay too much for fuel.) (We fear (paying) to pay too much for fuel.)