ENGLISH LANGUAGE iv

1. ENGLISH LANGUAGE iv TIMETABLE: FRIDAY 10.30 – 12.30: TRANSLATION PRACTICE; WEDNESDAY 14.30 – 16.20: TRANSLATION THEORY AND PRACTICE.

2. PROGRAMME • CAE RESULT Student's Book Workbook Resource Pack WITH KEY Kathy Gude & Mary Stephens, Oxford • English Collocations in Use Michael McCarthy & Felicity O'Dell, Cambridge • English Phrasal verbs in Use, Michael McCarthy & Felicity O'Dell, Cambridge THE ABOVE BOOKS ARE USED WITH YOUR MOTHER TONGUE TEACHERS • B. Hatim, J. Munday, Translation. An advanced resource book, London, Routledge, 2004 (pp. 3-47 and pp. 123-168) FURTHER MATERIALS WILL BE PROVIDED BY THE TEACHER

3. COURSE CONTENTS • WHAT IS TRANSLATION? • TRANSLATION STRATEGIES • THE UNIT OF TRANSLATION • TRANSLATION SHIFTS • THE ANALYSIS OF MEANING • DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE AND THE RECEPTOR OF THE MESSAGE

4. Coursesteps Aftereachtheoreticalclassyouwillbeassigned a task tocarry out for the followinglesson. Youwillreadpapersby some of the mostimportantscholars in the fieldoftranslation and you’llbeaskedtowrite a PPP on them. You can work either on yourown or in couple. Eachpresentationwillbegivento me and evaluated. Aftereachtheoreticallesson, wewillhave a lessontotallydedicatedtoyourpresentations. Youwillbeaskedto show yourworkstoyourcolleagues. PPPshavetobevery concise e theirdurationmustbeof max. 15/20 minutes. The conceptswritten in each slide havetobewidenedbyyouduring the presentation, asifyouwere at anacademicconference.

5. Exampleofppp This is just an example of how to write a PPP. It is particularly useful because, besides being a PPP, it also gives advice on how to write academic papers and/or dissertations. This example of PPP is already available on my web page. http://www.unisa.it//Facolta/Lingue_e_Letterature_Straniere/Contatti/Docenti_e_Ricercatori/Barone/linda_barone.php in the section MATERIALE DIDATTICO

6. Meaning and importanceofyourworks Your PPPs will be part of the final exam, each work will be given a mark. The average mark of your PPPs will be added to the mark you will get for the translation exam. The average between the two will be your final mark of this part of the course. The translation exam will be done during the last lesson. Your works plus the translation ARE your exam (both oral and written) concerning my course and prof. Garzillo’s.

7. The concise oxforddictionary: Translation n. • The act or aninstanceoftranslating. • A written or spokenexpressionof the meaningof a word, speech, book, etc. in anotherlanguage. Meaning 1: process (the roleoftranslators in taking a ST and turningitinto a TT) Meaning 2: product (concrete translationproduct) Thisimpliesthat ‘translation’ takes in different perspectives.

8. Dictionaryoftranslationstudies Translation An incredibly broad notion which can be understood in many different ways. For example, one may talk of translating as a process or a product, and identify such sub-types as literary translation, technical translation, subtitling and machine translation (among others).

9. Interlingual, intralingual, intersemiotictranslation What could they be? Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone Biscuits - cookies Football – soccer Mummy – Mommy Rounders – baseball Sherbet lemons – lemon drops Got – gotten Dived – dove At weekends – on weekends

10. Can the exampleslistedabovebeconsideredas ‘translation’? R. Jakobson makes an important distinction: Intralingual translation Interlingual translation Intersemiotic translation You’ll read his paper ‘On linguistic aspects of translation’ and, for next Wednesday, you’ll summarise his work in a PPP highlighting the main points. Today’s slides are based on unit A1 of your book (pp. 3-9) which has to be read (see also the parts referring to Translation Studies, universals of translation and fields involved in translations)

11. Lesson 2 - 11 march 2009 This lesson is based on pp. 10-16 of your book. IMPORTANT: Next week no lesson (sedute di laurea). Next lesson 25th march with a PPP of Steiner’s extract from After Babel (pp. 132-134 of your book) and of Katerinov’s extract from Lucchetti, Babbani e Medaglioni Magici, Harry Potter in italiano: le sfide di una traduzione (pp. 20-62, my photocopies).

12. Translation strategies Dichotomy in translation: SENSE FORM Sense can always be translated Form often cannot be translated Jakobson: everything can be explained or translated except poetry or any other form similar to poetry (song, ads, punning ect.)

13. Translating aptronyms (names of characters which contribute to giving additional meaning). Harry Potter and the Chambers of Secrets: Tom Marvolo Riddle is an anagram of ‘I am Lord Voldemort’. Can we preserve this in other languages?

14. In French: Tom Elvis Jedusor = Je suis Voldemort (jeu du sort = game of faith). The content is preserved, while the form is not In Italian: Tom Orvoloson Riddle (???) = son io Lord Voldemort. here the translator tries to preserve the form at the expenses of the content. Result = neither the content nor the form are respected

15. Literal and free Origin of this separation: Cicero and Saint Jerome were the turning point. Cicero (46 BC): “sought to preserve the general style and force of the language”. S. Jerome(395 AD): “I render not word-for-word but sense for sense”. However, literal translation is still present today resulting in poor and opaque translations.

16. example ST: Arabic TT: English X Bank presents the banking services by phone. The Telebanking System welcomes you by the Islamic greeting ‘assalamu ‘alaykum’, completes your inquiries/transactions within few seconds and sees you off saying ‘fi aman allah’. This literal translation resulted in a flop ad, why?

17. It was soon withdrawn and then it re-appeared in this new guise: X Islamic Bank, the first Islamic Bank in the world, is pleased to offer you a sophisticated service through Automated Teller Machine Cash Card.

18. Comprehensibility and translatability Before translating anything, keep always in mind some keywords: • Text type • Audience • Purpose • Of course a legal text may require a higher degree of literal translation than a poem.

19. Not all texts and text users are the same. Translating more serious texts as the Bible or Shakespeare’s works is different from translating more pragmatic texts as marriage certificates or much freer texts as an instruction booklet.

20. Examples: reflect on the strategies employed in the 2 translations. Which increases comprehensibility? Why? Which is the best? ST French: Couvercle et cuves en polycarbonate. Matériau haute résistence utilisé pour les hublots d’avion. Résiste à de hautes températures et aux chocs. Tableau de commandes simple et fonctionnel. 3 commandes suffisent à maîtriser Compact 3100. TT English 1: Lid and bowls in polycarbonate. High resistance material used for aircraft windows. Resists high temperatures and shocks. Simple and functional control panel. 3 controls suffice to master Compact 3100. TT English 2: Workbowls and lid are made from polycarbonate, the same substance as the windows of Concorde. It’s shatterproof and won’t melt with boiling liquids or crack under pressure. Technically advanced, simple to use: just on, off or pulse.