Renaissance

1. Renaissance

2. Influences of the Middle Ages • There were 3: • Black Death. Killed millions and changed the balance of peasant / workers to nobility. The peasants gained power. • Church. Powerful force in society. However losing influence due to corruption (more later!) • Hundred Years War. Forced nationalism in France and England. Peasants’ power in battle overtakes that of nobility. • How do these affect the Renaissance?

3. Why Italy? Why Now? • Plenty of money thanks to trade • Why Italian trade? • Location. • Crusades • Rivalries between city states • Banking

4. Renaissance • What was the renaissance? • “Rebirth of learning”. But whose? • Ideas of ancient Greece and Rome. • Church ignored this knowledge because… • Polytheistic people could not know more than Church! • Thomas Aquinas used Greek knowledge to prove the Bible. • HUMANISM becomes the force of change during the Renaissance.

5. Humanism • Renaissance Humanism was the reintroduction of classical thought (knowledge from Ancient Greece & Rome). The Renaissance began in Italy 15th century (1400’s). The revival was based on interpretations of Roman and Greek knowledge. This was a great change from the focus on the Biblical values of the Catholic Church. This knowledge had been largely ignored by the Roman Catholic Church because of its polytheistic base. Humanism emphasized the study of science, philosophy, art, poetry, rhetoric (discussion/debate) and importance of an individual contribution. Renaissance humanists believed that the liberal arts should be practiced by all levels of wealth. One of the things you can look for in art and literature are “classical themes” (Mythological characters, ancient settings, the individual and the elegance of the human form etc.).  • The crisis of Renaissance humanism came with the trial of Galileo. The church taught that the earth was the center of the universe and Galileo disputed this based on his mathematic and scientific observations. • This forced academics to choose between the authority of faith and religious teaching or science (a battle which continues to this day…intelligent design, creationism, and evolution). The trial exposed the contradictions between humanism and the teachings of the church, and humanism was branded a “dangerous doctrine”. Galileo was forced to recant (take back) his ideas, even though we now know them to be true, further showing the power of the Church during Renaissance times.

6. The Art of the Italian Renaissance

7. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures • The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate • Leonardo da Vinci • 1469 • The figure as architecture!

8. Realism & Expression • Expulsion fromthe Garden • Masaccio • 1427 • First nudes sinceclassical times.

9. Perspective • The Trinity • Masaccio • 1427 Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.

10. Classicism • Greco-Roman influence. • Secularism. • Individualism  free standing figures. • Symmetry/Balance The “Classical Pose”Medici “Venus” (1c)

11. Artists as Personalities/Celebrities • Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, andArchitects • Giorgio Vasari • 1550

12. Renaissance Florence

13. Lorenzo the Magnificent Cosimo de Medici 1478 - 1521 1517 - 1574

14. Birth of Venus – Botticelli, 1485

15. 2002 Euro Coin Botticelli’s Venus Motif. 10¢ Italian Euro coin.

16. The Liberation of Sculpture • David by Donatello • 1430 • First free-form bronze since Roman times!

17. Baldassare Castiglione by Raphael,1514-1515 • Castiglione represented the humanist “gentleman” as a man of refinement and self-control. • Book “The Courtier” defined the Renaissance Man

18. The Renaissance “Man” • Broad knowledge about many things in different fields. • Deep knowledge/skill in one area. • Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge. • The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.

19. Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, 1512 • Artist • Sculptor • Architect • Scientist • Engineer • Inventor 1452 - 1519

20. Vitruvian Man • Leonardo daVinci • 1492 TheL’uomouniversale

21. Mona Lisa – da Vinci, 1503-4 ?

22. ParodyThe Best Form of Flattery? A Macaroni Mona

23. A Picasso Mona

24. An Andy Warhol Mona

25. A “Mona”ca Lewinsky

26. Mona LisaOR da Vinci??

27. Refractory Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie Milan

28. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498& Geometry

29. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498 vertical horizontal Perspective!

30. Deterioration • Detail of Jesus • The Last Supper • Leonardo da Vinci • 1498

31. A Da Vinci “Code”:St. John or Mary Magdalene?

32. Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):Pages from his Notebook • An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.

33. Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Pages from his Notebook

34. Leonardo, the Inventor:Pages from his Notebook

35. Man Can Fly?

36. Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Notebook Studies of water-lifting devices. A study of siege defenses.

37. Brunelleschi’s Dome

38. A Contest to Decorate the Cathedral: Sacrifice of Isaac Panels Brunelleschi Ghiberti

39. Ghiberti – Gates of ParadiseBaptistry Door, Florence – 1425 - 1452 The Winner!

40. The Pieta • MichelangeloBuonarroti • 1499 • marble

41. David • MichelangeloBuonarotti • 1504 • Marble

42.  15c Whatadifferenceacenturymakes! 16c 

43. Renaissance Rome

44. The Sistine ChapelMichelangelo Buonarroti1508 - 1512

45. The Sistine Chapel’s CeilingMichelangelo Buonarroti1508 - 1512

46. The Sistine Chapel Details The Creation of the Heavens

47. The Sistine Chapel Details Creation of Man

48. The Sistine Chapel Details The Fall from Grace

49. The Sistine Chapel Details The Last Judgment

50. The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11 Da Vinci Raphael Michelangelo