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Persia attacks Greece and The Age of Pericles. Page 132 – 143 144- 147. =. PERSIAN EMPIRE. www.farsinet.com/.../images/persian_empire.jpg. www.cnn.com/.../land_maps/middle_east_region.jpg. Persian Empire. Persia was located in South Western Iran They Herded cattle
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Persia attacks Greece and The Age of Pericles Page 132 – 143 144- 147
= PERSIAN EMPIRE www.farsinet.com/.../images/persian_empire.jpg www.cnn.com/.../land_maps/middle_east_region.jpg
Persian Empire • Persia was located in South Western Iran • They Herded cattle • The were Warriors/Nomads
Cyrus the Great • Managed to unite Persian into a powerful kingdom • He ruled from 559 B.C. to 530 B.C. • His empire was larger than the world had yet to see. https:/.../file/view/cyrus.jpg/39197676
Persian Government King Darius • As Persian grew bigger, it got harder to manage. • King Dariusdivided the empire into 20 provinces calledSatrapies(Sa-tra-pies) • Ruled by officials called satrap which means “Protector of the kingdom” • They acted as judges, tax collectors, chief of police, and head recruiter for the army 300themovie.info/gallery/bahrami.jpg
Religion • Religion calledZoroastrianism • Believed in one God • Believed you had the choice to chose between right and wrong • Zoroastrianism is one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. saga.parsizoroastrianism.com/ahofr99.gif
The Persian Wars • The Greeks started clashing with the Persians. • Persians controlled the Greeks cities in the Asia Minor • Athenians helped the Greeks rebelagainst the Persians, but it failed. • King Darius decide to stop the Greeks from interfering in the Persian Empire. rtw.heavengames.com/.../1.jpg
The Battle of Marathon • 490 B.C. Persian fleet landed in Marathon • Athenians = 10,000 vs Persians = 20,000 • Persians wanted Athens to advance but the Athenians knew they were out numbered and waited. • Persians loaded their ships. The horsemen in cavalry strongest part of Persian Army boarded first. • This was a mistake. Greeks attacked the foot soldiers. • Unable to defend themselves, the Persians were easily defeated.
Another Persian Strike • New invasion on Greece • Sparta joins forces with Athens • Athens provides Navy • Sparta provides Army • Themistocles(thuh-mis-tuh-kleez) game plan = Attack Persian ships and cut off food supplies to the army • Army holds off Persians in Thermopylae (ther-mop-uh-lee) to await new navy ships. www.nutquote.com/thumb/16993-Themistocles.jpg
Greeks lost battle at Thermopylae (ther-mop-uh-lee) because of a traitor. • Greek ships were smaller, faster, and easier to steer than the big Persian ships • Greeks destroyed almost the entire Persian fleet • Persians burned the city of Athens • Greek army crushed Persians at Plataea (pluh-tee-uh) • Turning point for the Greeks – Persians retreat to Asia Minor
Persian vs Greek Ships www.twcenter.net/forums/attachment.php?attach www.artsales.com/ARTistory/Ancient_Ships/imag...
What Caused the Persian Empire to Fall? • Greeks defeated the Persian army, they helped to weaken it. • Persian rulers raised taxesto gain more wealth • Spent the gold and silver that flowed into the treasuries on luxuries for the royal court • Taxes cause rebellions • Royal family fought over who was to be king.
The two rival armies worked together to defeat the Persians in 499 B.C. was Greeks and _? Athenians
The oldest monotheistic religion was__ Zoroastrianism
Today the most widely practiced religion in Africa is Christianity
The Athenian Empire and Daily Life in Athens.Peloponnesian Wars Pages: 139, 141, & 142 - 144
The Athenian Empire • After Athens defeats Persian in the Battle of Plataea (pluh-tee-uh) – Persia remains a threat • Athens joins with other city-states (NOT SPARTA) form Delian (dee-lee-uh n) League • Delian League promised to defend its members against the Persians. Move Persia out of Greek areas in Asia Minor
- League freed almost all of the Greek cities under Persia’s control • Most of Delian League representatives = Athenians • Athens gains control over other city-states in the alliance. • League no longer a partnership to fight Persia but and Athenian empire. • Athens soon sends troops to other city-states to get commoners to rebel against the nobles in power.
Democracy in Athens • Direct Democracy: People gather at mass meetings to decide on government matters. Every citizen can vote firsthand on laws and policies. • Representative Democracy: Citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and governmental decisions on their behalf.
43,000 male citizens over 18 made up the assembly. • Assembly • (1) passed all laws (2) Elected officials (3) Made decision on war and foreign affairs. • 10 officials or Generals carried out the assembly’s laws and policies.
Pericles • Born outside of Athens to a wealthy and powerful family. • Educated by philosophers • Strongly supported a Democracy • The “Age of Pericles” was Athens’s Golden Age • City blossomed under his leadership • Made it a centerpiece of art, philosophy, and Democracy
Pericles • Goal = Make Athens a city that Greeks could be proud of. • Constructed public buildings (Parthenon) apwhod09.pbworks.com/f/Pericles_Pio-Clementin static.howstuffworks.com/gif/parthenon-and-th
Daily Life in Athens • More people live in Athens than any other Greek city-state. • Not enough farm land so import grain from other places • Athens becomes leading center for the Greek world. • Artisans grew wealthy by making and selling pottery, jewelry, leather goods, and other products.
Raphael: School in Athens tomgpalmer.com/.../School%20of%20Athens2.jpg
Roles of Men and Women • Men = Worked in morning, exercised or attended meetings of the assembly • Women = revolved around home and family - Girls married @ 14 or 15 - Expected to have children and take care of household duties. - Rarely went out - Could not attend school and had No political rights
The Peloponnesian War • Athenian empire becomes rich and powerful • City-states grew suspicious against Athens • Sparta starts a revolt against Athens. • Sparta and Athens clashes repeatedly. • Start of Peloponnesus War • War starts 431 B.C. and last until 404 B.C.
Why was Athens Defeated? • Pericles knew that Athens couldn’t beat Sparta in an open battle. • Athens keeps safe behind city walls. • Sparta surrounds Athens • Athens strong Navy brings supplies from other colonies. • Second year of war –Deadly disease spread through the city (killed 1/3+ of the people). Kills leader Pericles.
Why was Athens Defeated? • After 25 years, Spartans were desperate for a win. • Spartans make a deal with Persian Empire • Persians give $ for navy and Spartans give territory in Asia Minor) • Sparta’s new navy destroyed the Athenian Fleet • Athens surrendered • Peloponnesian War weakened all Greek City-states
Affect the war • After the war, many Greeks died and thousands lost their jobs. • This made it tough for them to unite and work together • Sparta tried to rule Greece for 30 years, but the City-States rebelled. • Sparta did not notice that Macedonia was becoming powerful.
Which of the following is a cause of the Peloponnesian War? • Sparta invaded Athens
Mass gathering where many decide governmental matter • Direct democracy
Small group makes governmental decisions on the behalf of many Representative democracy
The Age of Pericles was known as a period of creativity and __ Learning
In 431 B.C., Sparta and other city-states joined forces against Athens to fight this war? Peloponnesian War