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Greece and Persia

Greece and Persia. Chapter 5 Section 4. I P ersia Becomes an Empire. While Athenians created a Dem, the Persian Empire was rising in the east Began as unorganized nomadic ppl Eventually created mightiest empires in ancient world under Cyrus to Great & Darius. A. Cyrus the Great.

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Greece and Persia

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  1. Greece and Persia Chapter 5 Section 4

  2. I Persia Becomes an Empire • While Athenians created a Dem, the Persian Empire was rising in the east • Began as unorganized nomadic ppl • Eventually created mightiest empires in ancient world under Cyrus to Great & Darius

  3. A. Cyrus the Great • Persians ruled by Medes for over 100 yrs • Cyrus II leads revolt to gain independence • Cyrus II victory marks beg. Of Persian Empire • Conquered many Greek cities • Let ppl he conquered to keep their customs Why do you think he did this? • Historians refer to him as Cyrus the Great

  4. B. The Persian Army • Cyrus successful because of strong army • Army was loyal • Immortals=10,000 soldiers chosen for bravery & skill • Calvary=unit of soldiers on horseback • Charged and shoot arrows at enemy • Cavalry weakened enemy before immortals attacked

  5. II The Persian Empire Grows Stronger • Cyrus dies and his son Cambyses takes over • Cambyses dies leaving no clear leaderrebellion • Darius I claims the throne by killing all rivals • Restores power, improves society, & expands land

  6. A. Political Organization • Divides empire into 20 provinces • Governors named SATRAPS rule provinces for him • Collect taxes/serve as judges • Satraps had great power but Darius was ultimate ruler

  7. III Persians Fight GreeceA) Battle of Marathon • Darius invades Greece after rebellion • This begins Persian Wars • Persian army outnumbered Greeks but better weapons & smart leaders led to Greek victory • Legend has it that a messenger ran from Marathon to Athens (26 miles) to being news of victory • “rejoice we conquer!” then dies of exhaustion • Athletes run 26 mile races called Marathons

  8. B. Second Invasion of Greece • Xerxes tries again 10ys after Marathon • Sends army & navy • Sparta & Athens join together to defend Greece • Sparta=strong army Athens=strong navy • Persians had to pass through Thermopylae to attack Greece

  9. Battle of 300 • Spartans sent to thermopylae to slow Persians • Greek force holds off Persians until Greek traitor informs Persians of a way around http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOLyEX90Dus Min 37:41-39:58

  10. Salamis • Traits of Salamis allowed smaller Athenian boats to easily sink Persian ships http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOLyEX90Dus 1:25

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