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Increasing the profitability of Legume production in Mozambique through Technology discovery, Development and Delivery linked to Markets. Progress for 2009-2010 season The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). Introduction.
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Increasing the profitability of Legume production in Mozambique through Technology discovery, Development and Delivery linked to Markets Progress for 2009-2010 season The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Introduction • Although total agricultural production has increased significantly over the past decade, in Mozambique, it is mainly through an expansion of the area farmed rather than from increased agricultural productivity • Use of improved seeds (Fig. 1) and fertilizer is well below that of neighboring countries and as a result labor productivity remains low Figure 1: Survey of sources of seed for smallholder farmers in Mozambique, 2007 (USAID-funded Chinyanja Triangle project)
Introduction Continued…. • Sustained investment in agricultural research is therefore needed in order for Mozambique to exploit its agricultural potential to the full in the long term • Identification of “bottle-necks” in the technology development and delivery necessary for the legume value chain • Climate variability presents challenges to enhanced productivity of crops produced in marginal environments – development of mitigation strategies is necessary
Objectives of this Project • Main objective - to identify production recommendations that address issues related to: • Climate variability and Value Chains for Pigeonpea and Groundnuts • The specific objectives are : • To develop crop management options to improve productivity of Pigeonpea and product quality; and mitigate the effects of climate induced risk – especially rainfall • To improve farmer incomes
Progress on activities Activity I: - Assemble and analyze long term daily climatic data and develop soil fertility management options for legume intercropping systems through crop simulation modeling sub-activity 5: “Undertaking simple multi-location trials (on-station and in farmers’ fields) for pigeonpea for the local calibration of the Australian-developed, weather driven crop growth model (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator, APSIM) sub-activity 7: Development of suitable micro-dosing options for increasing legume productivity in legume based cropping systems
On-station Trials - Activity I Evaluation of Long and Medium duration Pigeonpea varieties - 22 Long duration varieties at PAN; - 22 Medium duration varieties at Casa Agraria and Mtengo Umodzi in Angonia Temporal and Spatial variability Trials - Time of planting and row/ ridge spacing - Incuded two varieties – Long and Medium duration
Design of Trials • A Split-Split plot design with 3 replications (blocks) • Row spacing (R) comprised the main plots as follows: R1 = 75 cm R2 = 90 cm R3 = 120 cm • Planting time (T), comprised the sub plots Early planting T1 = to be planted with first good rains Late planting T2 = to be planted two weeks after T1 • Varieties (V), comprised the sub-sub plots Long duration variety V1 = (ICEAP 00040) Medium duration variety V2 = (ICEAP 00557)
Pigeonpea Intercropping Trials • Pure stand of variety ICEAP 00040 (Long duration), • pure stand of ICEAP 000557 (medium duration type), • intercrop of ICEAP00040 with Maize, Cassava and Sorghum • intercrop of 00557 with Maize, Cassava and Sorghum The Design was a Completely Randomized Block design with 8 treatments in Nampula At Casa Agraria (Angonia), the intercropping was only with Maize and Sorghum – (cassava is not commonly intercropped with pigeonpea in this region)
Pigeonpea Micro-dosing Trials Pigeonpea fixes nitrogen through nodulation; but, the N-fixation process requires Phosphorous (P) A starter dose of P containing fertilizer is essential for nodulation in soils deficient in P A micro-dosing trial was designed to determine the performance of pigeonpea under P fertilization using different rates of P. The Trial Two pigeonpea varieties (Long and Medium duration types) • P rates - ranged from 0, 10, 15 and 20 kg P ha -1 • The trial was laid out in a 2 x 4 factorial. Sites – Nampula (PAN), Angonia (Mtengo Umodzi)
On-Farm Trials • The long duration variety trials were conducted in Nampula, Zambezia and Angonia (Mussacama) • Nampula and Zambezia - ICP 9145, Farmers’ Local, ICEAP 00557, ICEAP 00040 and ICEAP 00020 • Angonia - ICEAP 00926, ICEAP 0076-1, ICEAP 00040 and ICEAP 00020 • The medium duration variety trials were conducted only in Angonia • Six varieties tested in the short duration trial included ICEAP 01514/15, ICEAP 01480/32, ICEAP 01162/21, ICEAP 01167/11, ICEAP 00557 and Mthawajuni
On-farm trial sites Table 1: Sites for the on-farm trials and number of Farmers
Results: On-farm trials Table 2: Performance of improved pigeonpea varieties on farmer’s field in Gurue
Table 3: Participatory Variety Selection: Farmers’ Criteria and Ranking of Varieties
Seed Production Breeder Seed Production Basic Seed Production
OBRIGADOIIAM (PAN, Mtengo Umodzi) World Vision Gurue, Farmers
Year 2 Work Plan • Collection of Climatic Data in Collaboration with Met Department and University of Reading • Continuation of Crop Management Technologies in On-Station and On-Farm Trials • Climatic Risk Modelling – collaborate with ProSAVANNA project • Provide Data to IIAM to start the Technology Release procedures • Support USEBA with Seed Production of existing and new varieties to be released