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Nutrient Management

Learn the difference between long-term strategic planning and annual tactical planning for whole-farm nutrient balance. Evaluate nutrient flows, understand factors affecting nutrient balance, and select management strategies. Explore methods like mass balance, nutrient generation estimates, and manure analysis for optimal planning. Make informed decisions to achieve sustainable nutrient utilization on your farm.

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Nutrient Management

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  1. Nutrient Management Adapted CNMP Core Curriculum Section 5.1 – Strategic & Annual Planning Presented by: Roberto Maisonnave, Ag Engineer & M. Sc. International Environmental Consultant robermaison@hotmail.com www.ambientagro.com

  2. Objectives • Difference between long term strategic planning and annual ( tactical ) planning. • Understanding of a whole farm concept considering nutrient flows and balance on the farm. • Source and flow of nutrients on farm and the factors affecting a nutrient balance.

  3. TSP has primary responsibility Producer typically has primary responsibility Planning Process Inventory Review as Necessary Strategic Plan Plan Modification Implementation or Annual Plan Annual Review Documentation & Records

  4. Managed Outputs Feed Meat/Milk/ Eggs Animals Irrigation Crops Water Fertilizer Manure Farm Legume N Boundary Nutrient Imbalance (inputs - outputs) Whole Farm Nutrient Balance Gas Emissions Inputs

  5. The magic number • Number of animals to hectares ratio • Complex relation between: • Swine farm manure handling & storage • Agricultural land availability • Ag potential: soil & cropping system • Opportunity to maximize manure fertilizer value: type and size of equipment, weather

  6. Strategic Planning Purpose: To determine if the farm has an adequate land base for long-term sustainability from a manure nutrient utilization perspective.

  7. Strategic Planning Outcomes • Select nutrient management strategies that produce the greatest benefit. 2) Define procedures to implement strategies as needed in the following: • Annual cropping plan • Conservation plan • Manure export plan • Feed management plan

  8. Is my swine operation concentrating nutrients on the farm? What is the underlying cause of nutrient concentrations?

  9. One-way flow of nutrients. Region of Excess Nutrients Separation of distance and ownership drives one-way flow.

  10. 3. Export Manure 2. Minimize erosion & runoff 1. Crop –Fertilizer-Manure Plan Nutrient Strategies Options 4. Reduce Feed Inputs Region of Excess Nutrients

  11. Strategic Planning Methods • Mass Balance • Nutrient Generation Estimates • Manure Analysis Records

  12. Mass Balance Approach • Difficult to do on nitrogen • Works well with phosphorus • Require some reference values

  13. Nitrogen Mass Balance N2 Emissions NH3 EmissionsN2O Emissions NO3 Losses

  14. Phosphorus Mass Balance • Phosphorus conserved within system • Imbalance observed as increasing soil P levels; • Losses - Runoff is most likely; leaching possible under some situations

  15. Nutrient Generation Estimate Approach (Book Value) • Fast • Easy • Book values may not be representative of the farm

  16. Nutrient Generation Estimate Sources • NRCS AWMFH – Part 651 • MWPS – 18 Section 1 • ASAE Standards (D 384.2) • University publications

  17. Manure Analysis Record Approach • Farm Specific with real data • Availability and accuracy of manure analysis can be variable • Accuracy of manure mass or volume estimates

  18. Swine Waste Variability (Sample analyses from100 Oklahoma Anaerobic Lagoons, 8 years) 100 Sow Farms, 8 years, “n” Range 13-26 samples/year

  19. Analyses of Samples Taken at Successive Pump-outs of Oklahoma Sow Farm * Application rate: 10 mm-ha/ha (0.39 ac-in/ac)

  20. P Mass Balance * P Retention: 30% (NRC) ** Corn, 10 Ton/ha yield, 9.16 kg P2O5/Ton required *** No losses considered (Tank or Lagoon sedimentation?)

  21. Nutrient Generation Estimate* *Oklahoma State University Fact Sheet

  22. Manure Analysis Approach * Based on 15 lt/hd/d water usage (Finisher site target) ** Based on Anaerobic Lagoon Sample

  23. Strategic P Estimate Comparisons

  24. Annual Planning: Where? When? How much?

  25. Annual Planning • Farmer preferences • State specific requirements • Storage capacity interval: 120, 180, 365? • Available cropland: rotation and timing • Labor and equipment constraints • Weather and time constraints

  26. Other implementation plans • Feed management plan? • Reduce feed nutrients • Nutrient Management Plan • Reduce commercial fertilizer • Improve manure utilization efficiency • Manure Management Plan • Select treatment alternatives to reduce or increase manure nutrient content • Manure export plan? • Off farm transportation and utilization

  27. Take Home Message • “Whole Farm” nutrient balance is critical for the planning process that defines the magnitude of nutrient related-risks. • Strategic planning output is an estimate of future situation. • Annual plan review allows to adjust current implementation plan details. • Follow a 5-year NUP

  28. 5-year NUP • Anticipate your: • Crop rotation • Manure utilization • In advance plan for equipment usage • When properly designed it will show you the potential environmental limitations before they happen • Good long term planning makes for good short term decisions!

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