America at the End of the Civil War

1. America at the End of the Civil War

2. Tragedy or Hope?

3. “I remember hearing my Pa say that someone came and hollered “you slaves is free at last.” He just dropped his hoe and said it in a queer voice “thank God for that.” (Zinn 145). http://www.beyondbooks.org/slavery/images/plantationlife.jpg

4. 13th Amendment • 14th Amendment • 15th Amendment A C Match each image to a Civil War Amendment B

5. The South lay in ruins • http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/i?pp/ils:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(cwpb+04079))+@field(COLLID+cwp)):displayType=1:m856sd=cwpb:m856sf But rebuilding the cities would prove far easier than rebuilding society. And as Lincoln warned “the future would be fraught with great difficulty.” H http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/program/index.html

6. April 1865: What next?

7. I want my children to get an education How will I earn money to survive? What will my new life be like? Where will I live? April 1865: What next?

8. Lacking money and their own land, many freedmen and women faced were forced to return to former plantations as free laborers under a new system called “sharecropping.” Slavery to Sharecropping http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/a/images/africamer_catlett_sharecropper_lg.jpg http://cache.viewimages.com/xc/3071244.jpg?v=1&c=ViewImages&k=2&d=396B455078B246ECBC5DF043084823DBA55A1E4F32AD3138

9. A landowner would divide up his land and could create many 20-50 acre plots. Landowners gave freedmen A small piece of land In exchange, sharecroppers Tools A small home How did sharecropping work?

10. Sharecroppers worked the land. And gave HALF the crop to the landowner Grew cash crops like cotton. How does sharecropping work? http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0060e/T0060E04.GIF http://www.cah.utexas.edu/exhibits/WinedaleStory/green4/green4c.html http://www.burchardgalleries.com/auctions/1999/jan2499/l027a.jpg

11. Can you tell the difference between sharecropping and slavery? http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/brown/sharecropping.htm “Sharecropping came to define the method of land lease that would eventually become a new form of slavery.” -Trudier Harris

12. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/media_players/a_kkk.html The Ku Klux Klan begins a Reign of Terror

13. Approximately 4 million American men, women and children enslaved in the United States were freed at the end of the Civil War, including a man named Jourdan Anderson. He received a letter from his former master asking him to return to the plantation as hired help. Predict his response.

14. To My Old Master, Colonel P.H. Anderson, Big Spring, Tennessee Sir: I got your letter and was glad to find you had not forgotten Jourdon, and that you wanted me to come back and live with you again, promising to do better for me than anybody else can. I have often felt uneasy about you. I thought the Yankees would have hung you long before this for harboring Rebs they found at your house. I suppose they never heard about your going to Col. Martin's to kill the Union soldier that was left by his company in their stable. Although you shot at me twice before I left you, I did not want to hear of your being hurt, and am glad you are still living.

15. What was it like to be African American living in the South in 1900? Jim Crow laws legally enforced segregation 44.5% of adults were illiterate The average life expectancy was 33 years of age. Literacy tests and poll taxes made voting nearly impossible. 75% were tenant famers or sharecroppers 90% lived in the South, nearly the same as in 1860 In North Carolina in 1916, only 19African American youths went to school. http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu

16. Based on a black faced minstrel character, Jim Crow reflected racist ideals held by many Americans post-Civil War. Who or what was Jim Crow? Jim Crow was not real, but the laws named for this character enforced legalized segregation. http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/musicimages/Rag/RagJim/RagJim01a.jpg

17. Jim Crow Laws Oklahoma “…segregation of the white and colored races as to the exercise of rights of fishing, boating, and bathing.” Alabama “It shall be unlawful for a restaurant or other place for the serving of food at which white & colored are served in the same room.” Alabama “All passenger busstations in this state… shall have separate waiting rooms… & separate ticket windows for the white & colored races.” North Carolina “Books shall not be interchangeable between white & colored schools.” Florida “The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall be conducted separately.” Virginia “…any public hall, theatre, opera house, motion picture show of any place of public entertainment…. Shall separate the white race and the colored race and shall set apart and designate…certain seats.” Florida “All marriages between a white person and a negro… are hereby forever prohibited.”

18. Georgia “No colored barber shall serve as a barber to white women or girls.” Georgia “It shall be unlawful for any… white baseball team to play baseball on any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of a playground devoted to the Negro race…” Mississippi “Separate schools shall be maintained for the children of the white and colored races.”

19. How did life change after the Civil War? • Passage of the 13th, 14th, & 15th Amendment • Creation of Freedmen’s Bureau • Development of Jim Crow

20. Bibliography • http://www.mansfieldplantation.com • http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/ • http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/ • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/ • http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/ • http://dsc.discovery.com/ • http://www.vahistorical.org/research/tacl_freedmen.htm • http://www.nps.gov/archive/malu/documents/jim_crow_laws.htm • memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/may18.html