Wars and Pennsylvania

1. Wars and Pennsylvania French and Indian War American Revolutionary War Whiskey Rebellion War of 1812 Civil War

2. French and Indian War Causes: • Trade • Control of Land (Land Use) • Waterways

3. French and Indian War • Trade: • British – Wanted to continue trade with the Native Americans. • French – Wanted to keep PA traders out of the Ohio Valley. They also wanted to control trade with the Native Americans. • Native Americans – Wanted to continue trading with Europeans for manufactured goods such as; guns, knives, etc…

4. French and Indian War

5. French and Indian War • Control of Land: • British – They wanted new land for farming in the Ohio River Valley. Also, looked to take away some of the French’s fur trading industry. They did not want the French to control this region. • French – Felt that Priest and Traders should be able to move freely through this area. They were not interested in settling this region. They were looking to keep the British east of the Alleghany Mts. • Native Americans – The Natives were interested in keeping the lands to grow their crops on and to use for hunting. They wanted to keep control over their way of life, land, and their future.

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7. French and Indian War • Waterways – • British – Realize the importance of the 3 Rivers of current day Pittsburgh. Trade/Travel/Etc… • French – The French are looking for a waterway to connect their territory in Canada with their territory in New Orleans. Additionally, this would connect them to the Ocean which links them back to France. • Native Americans – They have been using the waterways for years and it is considered essential to their lifestyle

8. French and Indian War • http://explorepahistory.com/story.php?storyId=1-9-6&videoId=1-6-3

9. French and Indian War • EFFECTS: • Territory changed hands • Proclamation Line of 1763

10. French and Indian War • Territory Changed Hands • British – Gain control of Canada-Florida-Disputed lands west of the Mississippi • French – Lost all land in North America but got to keep some territories around the world. Since the Spanish sided with the French they lost Florida but got to keep lands west of the Mississippi. • Native Americans – Some lands are guaranteed to them through the Proclamation Line of 1763.

11. French and Indian War • Proclamation Line of 1763 • This line would keep the British settlers of the 13 Colonies from settling west of this line. • The British did not want anyone to settle west of this line for a variety of reasons. 1. Expansion would spread the British resources thin. 2. The British did not want to continue fighting a costly war with French settlers or the Native Americans.

12. French and Indian War • Proclamation Line of 1763 • Settlers who already lived west of this line or settlers that had fought in the this war did not feel that this was a fair or logical rule. Many of them did not follow it and the British could not enforce this law.

13. French and Indian War • Pennsylvania’s Part in the War – • First Battle – Great Meadow/Ft. Necessity • Fort Duquesne/Fort Pitt • Road Building

14. French and Indian War • First Battle of the French and Indian War took place at the Great Meadow. The Great Meadow would then become the site of Ft. Necessity. • This Ft. was built out of necessity. After a skirmish with the French, Washington feared retaliation for having killed 13 French soldiers. He built the fort to protect his troops. • Ft. Necessity is the only site that is devoted to the French and Indian War that the National Parks Service operates.

15. French and Indian War

16. French and Indian War • The French had a fort at the Forks of the Ohio, they called it Fort Duquesne. Whomever controlled this fort seemed to have an advantage during the war. • The French eventually had to abandon this fort and they destroyed it before they left. • The English took control of the previous site of Fort Duquesne and started to build their own fort – Fort Pitt. • Both Fort Duquesne and Fort Pitt were named after great leaders for each respective side.

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18. French and Indian War • Road Building - • Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia sent George Washington to build a road to the Forks of the Ohio (3 Rivers). • This road and the Nemacolin Path, a Native American roadway, were the basis of the National Pike, Rt. 40.

19. French and Indian War

20. The American Revolution • Causes – • Taxation • Lack of Representation • Wish for Freedom

21. The American Revolution • Taxation – • The colonists were being unfairly taxed to pay for the French and Indian War (Seven Year’s War) while British colonist were not being taxed in the same way.

22. The American Revolution • Lack of Representation – • Citizens of the colonies were upset because the British citizens did not have to pay the same heavy taxes as the colonies did. • The colonies were also unhappy because they didn’t have a say in the British Parliament, the lawmaking body for England and the colonies. • John Dickinson, of Pennsylvania, wrote the Declaration of Rights and Grievances. It stated that Colonist had the same rights as British citizens and since they did not have a say in Parliament that those rights were being violated. Congress in ny, March 1765

23. The American Revolution • Wish for Freedom – • Many founding fathers studied the ideas of the Enlightenment. • Locke – Natural Rights (Life, Liberty, Property) • Montesquieu – Separation of Power (Branches of Gov.) • Rousseau – Social Contract (Gov. works for the people)

24. The American Revolution • Effects – • Created a new country – The United States of America • Set up a new Government • England loses the resources and market in America.

25. The American Revolution • Created a New Country - The United States was formed and they were independent from England. They now had the freedom that so many desired.

26. The American Revolution • Set up a new Government – • Articles of Confederation – Created a strong state government and weak central government. This was in response to previously being ruled by a monarch that didn’t let the people play a part in government. State governments gave power to the people living in the region and not some far away foreign government (Central Government). This was found to be too confusing and eventually the Articles of Confederation were replaced with the United States Constitution.

27. The American Revolution • England loses control of the resources and market in America - This will be costly for England. They no longer have mercantilism from America to depend on. Now if they want to get resources from America they will have to purchase them fair and square. Also they are not the only country trading with America. As a result they will not be making as much money.

28. The American Revolution • Pennsylvania’s Part in the War - • 1st and 2nd Continental Congress • Declaration of Independence • Produced supplies for the war effort • Valley Forge • Many Pennsylvanians Participated and Influenced the War and Outcome of our Country • Constitutional Convention

29. The American Revolution • 1st Continental Congress • Boycott English Goods • Try to get England to stop passing unfair taxes. • 2nd Continental Congress • Declaration of Independence • George Washington is appointed commander of the American Army

30. The American Revolution • Declaration of Independence • Declared or stated that America was free from England’s rule. • Left out topics like slavery because the southern states would not sign it if it included laws banning slavery. • Approved by 12 Colonies on July 4, 1776. NY decided not to vote. NY had many citizens that did not want to declare independence from England.

31. The American Revolution • Produced Supplies for the War Effort – • Riffles made in Lancaster • Conestoga Wagons which were used to haul supplies were also made in Lancaster. • Cannons made in Philadelphia and other iron furnaces around PA. • Carlisle, PA was the storage site for ammunition and military supplies.

32. The American Revolution http://explorepahistory.com/media.php?videoId=1-6-4 • Valley Forge • Very long difficult winter that cost the American Army many men. • Army was “naked and starving” Washington wrote. • Men were trained by Baron von Stueben from Prussia • Washington’s army was able to leave Valley Forge and persue the Redcoats forcing them to flee to NY. • Congress could then return to the capital in Philadelphia

33. The American Revolution • Constitutional Convention – • Meeting to strengthen the Articles of Confederation • Decided to create a whole new document • Delegates met in Independence Hall in Philadelphia to debate and write the Constitution. • Of 55 delegates, 8 were from PA. More than any other state.

34. The American Revolution • Mad Anthony Wayne • Born in Chester, PA • General who led many Pennsylvanian troops • Secured the western border of the United States • Defeated the Native Americans at the Battle of Fallen Timbers • Waynesburg, PA is named for Mad Anthony Wayne

35. The American Revolution • Robert Morris • Helped raise money to pay for the war • After the war – • Created the National Bank • Was Secretary of the Treasury • PA Senator • Signed the Constitution • Robert Morris University is named after him

36. The American Revolution • Ben Franklin • Negotiated with the French and earned their support. The French then sent money, food, guns, soldiers and ships to aid the colonies. • Involved with the writing of the Declaration of Independence, worked out details of the peace treaty, and was involved in the Constitutional Convention. He was known as the “Great Pacifier” at the Convention.

37. The American Revolution • Molly Pitcher (Mary Hayes) • Followed her husband to battle • Carried pitchers of water to soldiers • Took over her husbands position at the cannon when he was wounded

38. The American Revolution • Sarah Bache • Daughter of Ben Franklin • Organized 2,000 women in Philadelphia to sew clothing for soldiers

39. The American Revolution • Betsy Ross • Made the first official flag for the United States at her home in Philadelphia. It had 13 stars and 13 stripes. It was adopted by Congress in 1777.

40. The Whiskey Rebellion • Cause – • Tax on Whiskey

41. The Whiskey Rebellion • Tax on Whiskey – While much of Eastern PA and the 13 Colonies had been fighting for freedom from England, the Western Pennsylvanian citizens were fighting for land against the Native Americans. These Pennsylvanians were the Scotch-Irish, the pioneers of western PA. These citizens were primarily grain farmers. They produced rye. A horse was only able to transport 2 bushels of rye in its natural form. However, a horse could transport 2 barrels of whiskey, which was made of 24 bushels of the grain. Thus, it was more profitable to turn the rye into whiskey!

42. The Whiskey Rebellion • During this time period it was decided that a tax was necessary to help defray the cost the new country was accumulating. The western Pennsylvanians were upset at this tax because they felt it was unfair. In their eyes, the government, who had not been very helpful to them up to this point, was just trying to punish them. Many farmers refused to pay the tax and even turned to violence to get their point across.

44. The Whiskey Rebellion • Effects – • Reinforced the power of the United States Government

45. The Whiskey Rebellion • President George Washington called for troops from PA, VA, MD, and NJ. He led 12,500 troops out to western PA to put down the Whiskey Rebellion. Not one shot was fired. Washington was able to bring about a peaceful resolution to the problem. Some of the rebels were caught and tried. Those found guilty were sentenced to death but Washington pardoned them. This showed not only the power of the government but also the understanding, thus producing a stronger government.

46. The Whiskey Rebellion • Pennsylvania’s Part in the Rebellion – • Western PA was the site of the Rebellion • David Bradford

47. The Whiskey Rebellion • Washington County and the surrounding counties were the site of the Whiskey Rebellion. The first act of violence related to the rebellion occurred near Cross Creek, PA Washington County. David Bradford leader of the rebellion was from Washington County.

48. The Whiskey Rebellion • David Bradford – * Deputy Attorney General of Wash. Co. * Leader of The Whiskey Rebellion * Fled PA when he heard troops were coming to put down the rebellion . Went to Louisiana and started a new life. His wife and children joined him and he was eventually pardoned for his part in the rebellion.

50. The War of 1812 • Causes- • British Harassed American Ships • Americans Couldn’t Trade in Caribbean • British Supported Native Americans