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The Struggle for Control (1670-1774)

The Struggle for Control (1670-1774). The F a l l of N e w F ran c e. Ove r vi e w.

rhiannon-reese
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The Struggle for Control (1670-1774)

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  1. The Struggle for Control (1670-1774) TheFallofNewFrance

  2. Overview 1713-Britishvs.FrenchWarinEuropeandNorthAmericaends.TreatyofUtrechtissigned.FrancelosesNewfoundlandandAcadiaandmustsurrenderfortsinterritoriesofHudson’sBayCo.TheislandsintheGulfofSt.LawrenceremainFrench ❖ 1755-TheFrenchandBritishstruggledtocontrolthewesternfurtrade ❖ 1755-DeportationoftheAcadiansbytheBritishSoldiersAcadiansforcedtothe13coloniesandLouisiana ❖ 1756-SevenYears’Warisformallydeclared(starts) TheFrenchandBritishfoughttocontroltheAtlanticand ❖ thecolonyofQuebec.Three-prongedattackbegins:1758-captureofLouisbourg(Frenchmilitaryfort) 1759-captureofQuebec(BattleonthePlainsofAbraham) 1760-captureofMontreal 1763-TreatyofParisissigned(FrancesurrendersNewFrance) ❖

  3. AftertheWaroftheSpanishSuccessioninEuropeandQueenAnne’sWarinNorthAmericawereover,theTreatyofUtrecht(1713)wassigned.TheresultwasthatFrancehadtosurrenderanumberofterritoriestoBritain.AftertheWaroftheSpanishSuccessioninEuropeandQueenAnne’sWarinNorthAmericawereover,theTreatyofUtrecht(1713)wassigned.TheresultwasthatFrancehadtosurrenderanumberofterritoriestoBritain. ThechartbelowindicateswhattheFrenchlost.TheislandsthattheFrenchwereallowedtokeepincludedÎleSt.Jean(P.E.I.),ÎleRoyale(CapeBretonIsland),St. PierreandMiquelon.

  4. Britishgainthese pinkareas: -FortsintheHudson’sBayarea -Newfoundland(GrandBanks) -Acadia(NovaScotia) Frenchallowedtokeeptheseblueareas: -ÎleRoyal(CapeBretonIsland) -ÎleSt.Jean(PrinceEdwardIsland) -NewBrunswick -St.PierreandMiquelon ExistingBritish“13colonies” ❖ NoticehowfartheblueareabelongingtoFranceextendsintothesouthern

  5. Acadiansareaskedtosignan“OathofAllegiance” ManyrefusetoleaveAcadia

  6. 1720-FrenchbuildLouisbourgonÎle Royale(CapeBretonIsland)

  7. 1749-BritishbuildHalifaxon theislandofNovaScotia

  8. DeportationoftheAcadians BritishandFrancelikelytogotowaragain ❖ AcadiansaskedtotakeanOathofAllegiance ❖ Acadiansrefuse-wanttobeloyaltoBritishkingbutdon’twanttofightagainsttheFrench ❖ Acadiansaredeportedtothe13colonies,LouisianaandFrance-familiesareseparatedfromeachotherastheyareloadedintoboats,housesareburned,propertiesconfiscatedbytheBritish

  9. Twomainreasonsfor theBritish-FrenchConflictinNorthAmerica

  10. SevenYears’WarBegins 1756- 1763

  11. Britishplana3-ProngedAttack CaptureLouisbourg CapturethefurtradingfortsintheOhioValley CaptureQuebec(thecentreofNewFrance)

  12. WiththecaptureofLouisbourg,theBritishcouldnowcontroltheentrancetotheSt.WiththecaptureofLouisbourg,theBritishcouldnowcontroltheentrancetotheSt. LawrenceRiverandpreventtheFrenchfromreceivingtheirsupplies

  13. TakingovertheOhioValleyfortsallowedtheBritishtogainaccesstoandcontroloftheSt.TakingovertheOhioValleyfortsallowedtheBritishtogainaccesstoandcontroloftheSt. LawrenceRiverjustsouthofMontreal

  14. NowthattheBritishwereabletogainaccesstotheSt.LawrenceRiverfromeitherend,itwastimetoputStage3ofthethree-prongedattackintoplace.ItwastimetoconquerQuebec.NowthattheBritishwereabletogainaccesstotheSt.LawrenceRiverfromeitherend,itwastimetoputStage3ofthethree-prongedattackintoplace.ItwastimetoconquerQuebec.

  15. Step3:CaptureofQuebec Forthreemonths,theFrenchwereabletofightofftheBritishattacksonQuebec,andpreventtheBritishfromlandingontheBeauportShore.

  16. Step3:CaptureofQuebec Underthecoverofdarkness,BritishGeneralJamesWolfeledhismenpastthewallsofQuebecCitytoaspotalongtheshorewherehisBritishsoldierscouldclimbthesteepshore.Theymadetheirwaytoaflatfield,knownas thePlainsofAbraham. ThedatewasSeptember13,1759

  17. Step3:CaptureofQuebec BattleonthePlainsofAbraham TheFrenchgeneral,Joseph-LouisMarquisdeMontcalmwascaughtbysurprisewhenintheearlymorninghewastoldthattheBritishhadassembledonapoorlydefendedareaonly3kilometersaway. Montcalmhad3choices: StayinsidethewallsofQuebecandwaitfortheBritishtoattack? SendwordtohisarmytoattacktheBritishfrombehind?or 3. Attackimmediately,withthementhathehad,onthePlainsofAbraham.Whatshouldhedo?

  18. . Wolfeontheotherhand,linedhismenupinrowsthatstretchedakilometerwide,andthenmadehismenwaituntiltheycouldseethewhitesoftheirenemies’eyes,beforetheyreturnedfire. Eventually,theFrenchbecameconfusedandretreatedtothewallsofQuebec.TheBritishfollowedclosebehind. Defeatwouldbeinevitable.

  19. TheFrenchfledandlockedthemselvesinsidethewallsofQuebec,takingtheinjuredMontcalmwiththem.FrenchOfficerswhoweretakenprisoner,toldtheBritishthatMontcalmlaydyinginhisbed,fromthefatalwoundshehadreceived.HewasdeadbytheTheFrenchfledandlockedthemselvesinsidethewallsofQuebec,takingtheinjuredMontcalmwiththem.FrenchOfficerswhoweretakenprisoner,toldtheBritishthatMontcalmlaydyinginhisbed,fromthefatalwoundshehadreceived.Hewasdeadbythe followingmorning.Quebecfullysurrenderedwithinafewdays.

  20. TheFinalStage -CaptureofMontreal AfterQuebecwascaptured,theothertroopsoftheFrencharmyretreatedtoMontreal.TheBritishoccupiedQuebecoverthewinter,butinthespring,theFrenchmarchedbacktoQuebecwiththeintenttodrivetheBritishout.TheyhopedthatthefirstshipstocomeuptheSt.LawrencewouldbringreinforcementsfromFrance;however,thefirstshipstoarrivewereBritish,andtheFrenchwereforcedtoretreatbacktoMontreal.

  21. Although the war in North America ended with the capture of Montreal, the Seven Years’ War in Europe didn’t end until 1763. During those three years, the Canadiens kept hoping that the French would win and New France would be returned to France. Between1760-1763,theBritishArmysetupatemporarygovernment-thiswascalledBritishMilitaryRule

  22. TheTreatyofParis(1763) NewsFlash!SevenYears’WarEnds FrancelostallLandPossessionstotheBritish,exceptforthetinyIslandsofSt.PierreandMiquelon

  23. AlternativesOpentotheBritish 1.DeportationoftheCanadiens ❖ 2.MaintaintheStatusQuo-keepthingsthesame ❖ 3.Isolation-createaseparatespacetoputtheFrenchandtheNatives ❖ • 4.Assimilation-MaketheFrenchbecomeBritish 5.Biculturalism-allowbothculturestoco-exist ❖

  24. TheBritishdecidetheywillmakeQuebecBritish TheRoyalProclamationof1763 wascreatedfollowingthesigningoftheTreatyofParis. Accordingtothisproclamation,allBritishlaws,religionandlanguageweretobeenforcedinQuebec;however,theCanadienswereallowedtokeeptheirFrenchLanguageandRomanCatholicReligion BritishlawswouldreplaceFrenchlaws,excepttheFrenchcouldkeeptheirFrenchCivilLawandtheirSeigneurialSystems. TheprovinceofQuebecwasformed. TheNativepeople’slandintheOhioandMississippivalleywasprotectedbyensuringthatonlythosetrappers,tradersandsettlerswithlicencescouldtravelinthisarea. RomanCatholicswerenotallowedtoholdlegalpositionsorbeelectedtotheLegislativeCouncil

  25. GuyCarletonwassenttoreplaceJamesMurrayin1768asthenewgovernorofQuebec.Becauseatthistime,peopleinthe13colonieswerestartingtohavedisagreementswithofficialsinBritain,GovernorCarletonfeltitwasveryimportanttoensurethesupportandloyaltyoftheCanadienstotheBritish.Toguaranteethis,hemadefriendswiththeimportantleadersoftheCanadiens,theseigneursandtheclergy(priestoftheRomanCatholicChurch).GuyCarletonwassenttoreplaceJamesMurrayin1768asthenewgovernorofQuebec.Becauseatthistime,peopleinthe13colonieswerestartingtohavedisagreementswithofficialsinBritain,GovernorCarletonfeltitwasveryimportanttoensurethesupportandloyaltyoftheCanadienstotheBritish.Toguaranteethis,hemadefriendswiththeimportantleadersoftheCanadiens,theseigneursandtheclergy(priestoftheRomanCatholicChurch). GovernorGuyCarletonencouragedtheBritishGovernmenttoallowtheFrenchpeopletokeeptheirsystemsoflawandtheirreligion.HedisagreedwiththeassimilationpolicyoftheProclamationof1763andfeltbiculturalism(allowingtwocultures-bothFrenchandBritishtoexistside-by-side)wasthebestwaytokeeptheCanadiensloyaltotheBritishGovernment.ThisledtheQuebecActof1774tobepassed. GovernorGuyCarleton (1768) IntroducesBiculturalism ThankstoCuyCarleton,biculturalismstillexistsinCanadatoday!

  26. TheQuebecAct (anattempttokeeptheCanadiensLoyaltotheBritishGovernment) ThemainpointstorememberaboutthisActisthatitwasverymuchliketheProclamationof1763,inthattheCanadienscouldkeeptheircivillaws,religion,language,andseigneurialsystems. EnglishCriminalLawwouldbeusedandQuebecwouldberuledbyaGovernorandanAppointedCouncil.ThegovernorcouldgrantlandaccordingtotheBritishFreeholdsystemforland.Thedifference nowwasthatRomanCatholicscouldnowholdgovernmentpositions.TheQuebecAct1774encouragedBICULTURALISM

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