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BME-HUMAN ANATOMY-6

BME-HUMAN ANATOMY-6. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. Circulatory system - functions. Transport of blood gases (O 2 & CO 2 ) Transport of substances (useful staff to and waste products out of the tissues Bleeding control (clotting system stops bleeding from the injuried area)

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BME-HUMAN ANATOMY-6

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  1. BME-HUMAN ANATOMY-6 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

  2. Circulatory system - functions • Transport of blood gases (O2 & CO2) • Transport of substances (useful staff to and waste products out of the tissues • Bleeding control (clotting system stops bleeding from the injuried area) • Heat regulation (skin vessels distribute heat through the body)

  3. Components of circulatory system • Heart – pumps the blood out • Vessels – tubes, where blood flows • Blood – is the fluid substance of the body, which carries out all functions of the circulatory system.

  4. Blood (p.681, fig.18.1) • It is liquid connective tissue, composed of cells & extracellular fluid, called plasma • Its total amount in adults is 4 to 6 L (about 70ml/kg), which comprises only circulating amount. • Hematology – is the name of scince, dealing with blood

  5. Blood cells (p.680, fig. 18.1) • Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs) • Trombocytes (platelets) • Leukocytes (white blood cells, WBCs) Granulocytes • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils Agranulocytes • Lymphocytes • Monocytes

  6. Blood cells - Erythrocytes • Function – delivers blood gases: O2 to tissues & removes CO2 out of tissues • Amount – about 4 mln/ml • Life span – about 120 days • Nots: Mature cell has no nucleus. Hemoglobin is the protein, which carry blood gases (p.685, fig.18.5).

  7. Blood cells – Trombocytes (platelets) • Function – stops bleeding, i.e. one of the blood clotting system components • Amount: around 250000 /ml • Life span: 3 – 5 days

  8. Blood cells - Leukocytes • Function: substantial part of immune system • Amount: 5000 – 9000/ml • Life span: 3 weeks

  9. Blood plazma • …composed of liquid part & proteins. • Blood proteins are mainly produced by the liver (except for gamma –globulins) • Albumins • Globulins • Fibrinogen

  10. Heart • …is muscular organ, which pumps blood through the vessels • …is located in chest cavity • …consists of 3 layers (p.718, fig.19.3) • Epicard (outer) • Myocard (mid, muscular) • Endocard (inner • …has 4 chambers (p.721, fig.19.7) • 2 atrium (left & right) • 2 ventricles (left & right)

  11. Coronary circulation & Cardiac Conductive System • Coronary vessles supply heart with blood (p.724, fig.19.10) • About 65% of world population has 2 coronary vessels • About 35% of world population has 1 coronary vessel • Sino-Atrial node is the source of normal heartbeating (p.727, fig.19.12)

  12. Electrocardiogram • is recording of the heart electrical currents in the heart by means of an instrumentcalled the electrocardiograph, which amplifies heart signals and register them on moving paper (p.731, fig.19.15) (p.732, fig.19.16) • ECG is used for monitoring heart rythm and detect possible coronary problems

  13. Cardiac cycles • Cardiac systolic – diastolic operations is the working principle of heart chambers (p.736, fig. 19.19). • Heart sounds origin from the closing valves during cardiac cycle (p.738, fig.19.20). Heart sounds can be registered by phonocardiography.

  14. Parameters of macrocirculation • Heart rate (tachicardia, bradicardia) • Stroke volume (amount of blood for a single heart contraction) • Cardiac output (amount of blood, pumped out by heart in 1 min) • Blood pressure (force that blood presses against the wall) . • Total peripherial resistance, resistance to blood flow. CO = MAP/TPR

  15. Blood vessels & circulation • Artery – are vessels, which carry blood out of the heart (contain 13% of blood). • Vein – are vessels, which carry blood to the heart (contain 64% of blood). • Capillary – are vessels, which carry blood from arteries to veins. • Systemic circulation starts from LV & ends in RA • Pulmonary circulation starts from RV & ends in LA

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