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Malcolm X

Malcolm X. Malcolm Little. Malcolm X. Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska.  Father was a Baptist Minister His father died when Malcolm was a child His mother, Louise Norton Little, was a homemaker occupied with the family's eight children. Family.

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Malcolm X

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  1. Malcolm X Malcolm Little

  2. Malcolm X • Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska.  • Father was a Baptist Minister • His father died when Malcolm was a child • His mother, Louise Norton Little, was a homemaker occupied with the family's eight children

  3. Family • His fatherwas an avid supporter of Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. • His fathers activism prompted death threats from the white supremacist organization Black Legion • in 1929, their Lansing, Michigan home was burned to the ground • 1931 Malcolm's fathers body was found lying across the Lansing trolley tracks

  4. Black Legion • Police ruled both incidents as accidents, but the Little's were certain that members of the Black Legion were responsible.

  5. X Family • Mother suffered emotional breakdown and was committed to a mental institution • her children were split up among various foster homes and orphanages.

  6. He was raised in the ghettos of Detroit, Boston and New York As a youth he was involved in many criminal activities At the age of 20 he was arrested for an attempted burglary and spent 7 years in prison

  7. Prison • While in prison he used the time to further his education • Malcolm's brother Reginald would visit him in prison and discuss his recent conversion to the Muslim religion • Reginald belonged to the religious organization the Nation of Islam 

  8. NOI • Intrigued, Malcolm began to study the teachings of NOI leader Elijah Muhammad.  • Muhammad taught that white society actively worked to keep African-Americans from empowering themselves  • Muhammad also taught that Allah, the God of Islam would bring about a “Black Nation” composed of all the non white people of the world

  9. NOI • By the time he was paroled in 1952, Malcolm was a devoted follower with the new surname "X" (He considered "Little" a slave name and chose the "X" to signify his lost tribal name.). • He spent the next 12 years spreading the message of his new faith. • Intelligent and articulate, Malcolm was appointed as a minister and national spokesman for the Nation of Islam

  10. NOI • He also charged him with establishing new mosques in cities such as Detroit, and Harlem • Malcolm used newspaper columns, as well as radio and television, to communicate the NOI's message across the United States •  His charisma, drive, and conviction attracted thousands of new members • He increased membership in the NOI from 500 in 1952 to 30,000 in 1963. 

  11. Civil Rights Movement • Malcolm X disagreed with the tactics and goals of the early CRM • He called the March on Washington the “Farce on Washington” • He was not happy with the non-violence approach and Blacks dying at the white mans hand • He preached that integration would not work and that blacks • Had to take their destiny in their own hands • "By any means necessary.“ • armed for self-defense.

  12. FBI • Malcolm's vivid personality had captured the government's attention • As membership in the NOI continued to grow, FBI agents infiltrated the organization • secretly placed bugs, wiretaps, cameras, and other surveillance equipment to monitor the group's activities. 

  13. NOI • Malcolm was getting all the attention and his fame soon eclipsed that of his mentor Elijah Muhammad • Regarding the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Malcolm X commented "[Kennedy] never foresaw that the chickens would come home to roost so soon," 

  14. NOI • After the statement, Elijah Muhammad "silenced" Malcolm for 90 days. • Malcolm, however, suspected he was silenced for another reason. • In March 1964, Malcolm terminated his relationship with the NOI.

  15. Muslim Mosque, Inc. • Malcolm decided to found his own religious organization, the Muslim Mosque, Inc. • Malcolm went on a pilgrimage to Mecca, which proved to be life altering for him. 

  16. When he returned, Malcolm said he had met "blonde-haired, blued-eyed men I could call my brothers.“ He returned to the United States with a new outlook on integration and a new hope for the future. This time when Malcolm spoke, instead of just preaching to African-Americans, he had a message for all races.

  17. NOI and Malcolm X • After Malcolm resigned his position in the Nation of Islam and renounced Elijah Muhammad, relations between the two had become increasingly volatile • FBI informants working undercover in the NOI warned officials that Malcolm had been marked for assassination

  18. assassination • After repeated attempts on his life, Malcolm rarely traveled anywhere without bodyguards • February 14, 1965 his home was fire bombed • Luckily, the family escaped physical injury.

  19. Dead at 39 • At a speaking engagement in the Manhattan's Audubon Ballroom on February 21, 1965, three gunmen rushed Malcolm onstage.  • They shot him 15 times at close range.  • "If you're not ready to die for it, put the word 'freedom' out of your vocabulary."— Malcolm X

  20. Killers • Malcolm's assassins, TalmadgeHayer, Norman 3X Butler, and Thomas 15X Johnson, were convicted of first-degree murder in March 1966. • The three men were all members of the Nation of Islam.

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