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Community Ecology. Grade 9 Biology Transfer of Energy and Matter. Analyzing a Food Web. Put the following organisms into a food web: Algae Hawk Duck Large Fish Frog Minnow Snail Snake Insects. Adding Vocab. Producer: Primary Consumer: Secondary Consumer: Tertiary Consumer:
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Community Ecology Grade 9 Biology Transfer of Energy and Matter
Analyzing a Food Web • Put the following organisms into a food web: • Algae • Hawk • Duck • Large Fish • Frog • Minnow • Snail • Snake • Insects
Adding Vocab • Producer: • Primary Consumer: • Secondary Consumer: • Tertiary Consumer: • Higher Order Consumer: • Decomposer:
What would happen if? • Snails got a disease and their population dramatically dropped: • Sparrows? • Big Fish? • Small Fish?
What do decomposers do? • What levels do decomposers get energy from? • What is the role of decomposers in the transfer of matter?
Biomass: The mass of all of the organisms at a given trophic level
Relationships between organisms: • Predation: • Predator • Prey • Competition: Two organisms competing over the same food source • Symbiosis: • Mutualism +/+ • Commensalism +/0 • Parasitism +/-
Homeostasis: Interactions can change • Ecological Succession: Organized process of change when an ecological community is built or disrupted. • Primary Succession: Ecosystem is built where there was none previously. • Secondary Succession: Ecosystem adapts to change.
Are climax communities really stable? • Can be impacted by: • Pollution • Invasive species
Biological Magnification • Toxins build up in the food chain…how is this different than the transfer of energy?
Examples of Biological magnification • DDT: “Silent Spring” • Rachel Carson and use of DDT video: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ipbc-6IvMQI • Current Issue: Mercury; dangerous in predatory fish (tuna)
Invasive Species • Native • Original to the biological community • Introduced • Brought into a community. May or may not be accidental • Invasive • Brought into a community; has a negative impact on the community: • May outcompete native plants for resources • May be resistant to pests
Matter cycles between organisms and their environment. • Biogeochemical cycles: • Bio—living things • Geo—Earth • Chemical—Different forms of matter • Examples: • Water, Carbon, Nitrogen
Water Cycle: Always water, different states of matter • Transpiration: • Role of plants in the water cycle
Carbon Cycle • Role of photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition. • Source: Adds CO2 to the atmosphere • Sink: Stores carbon • How is the balance of source & sinks being impacted?
Nitrogen Cycle • Bacteria are essential: otherwise nitrogen gas would stay as N2 in the air! • Legumes: plants that have bacteria associated with their roots that “fix” nitrogen.