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Slovakia

Slovakia. Peter Spáč 28.11.2013. General conditions. Post 1989 Slovakia provided a solid base for populism Factors : negative economic impact after 1989 problematic realization of privatization of public property negative public image of domestic politics

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Slovakia

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  1. Slovakia Peter Spáč 28.11.2013

  2. Generalconditions • Post 1989 Slovakiaprovided a solid base forpopulism • Factors: • negative economicimpact after 1989 • problematicrealization of privatization of public property • negative public image of domestic politics • polarization of the party system(and the society) – peak in the 2nd half of the 90s

  3. Waves of populism in Slovakia • 1. wave(emerged after 1989): • HZDS (MovementforDemocraticSlovakia) • ZRS (Association of SlovakWorkers) • 2. wave(1998-2002) • SOP (Party of CivicUnderstanding) • SMER (Direction) • ANO (Alliance of New Citizen) • 3. wave (around 2010) • OĽaNO (Ordinary People and IndependentPersonalities)

  4. 1st wave (HZDS) • Separatedfrom the main Slovak dissentmovement • Leader – Vladimír Mečiar (in leaduntil 2013) • Dominating Slovak party in the 90s • Usage of populismevenafterbecoming part of the establishment

  5. 1st wave (ZRS) • Separatedfrom the transformedcommunists • Radicalleft party withextensiveuse of populism • Complexattacks on allruling (and existing) parties • Situated in a role of the defender of the betrayedmasses • Presentedas the only „clean“ alternative

  6. 2nd wave • Specificsituation of the 2nd half of the 90s • Extensivepolarization of the party system • Growingnumber of citizens and votersseekingfor a „middle way“ • Thesetrendslead to emergence of different type of populistparties

  7. 2nd wave (SOP) • Created in 1998 by a popularmayor Rudolf Schuster wholaterbecame the Slovak president • Centre / centre-left party withanaim to stayneutral • Pressure of the culminatingpolarization of politics and society  SOP had to choose its bloc position • Connectionwithanti-Mečiarpartiesresulted in decline of support • Enteringgovernment 1998 started the end of the party

  8. 2nd wave (SMER and ANO) • Createdafterelections 1998 – still a strongpolarization • Main features: • professional PR and communication • party structureonlyas a secondaryaim • critisicm of the establishment • callfor a new generation of Slovak politicians • Differences: • SMER – denial of anyideologicalstance • ANO – openlycentre-rightliberal status

  9. Evaluation of V. Mečiar and M. Dzurinda by supporters (2001)

  10. 3rd wave (OĽaNO) • Createdbeforeelections 2012 • Structure: • not a classical party (4 members) • basisforindependentcandidates • „Ideology“: • strongcritisicm of parties and party system • maintopics – corruption, partitocracy • Application of the „Gorilla“ scandal in electoral campaign

  11. Success rate of populistparties

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