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Communication and ATC

Communication and ATC. “Breaker, Breaker One Nine, we have a problem”. Roadmap. VHF Communication Equipment Radio Operations at uncontrolled fields Radio Operations at controlled fields Lost Communications Procedures. VHF Communication Equipment. VHF Range 118 – 135.975 MHz

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Communication and ATC

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  1. Communication and ATC “Breaker, Breaker One Nine, we have a problem” “Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”

  2. Roadmap • VHF Communication Equipment • Radio Operations at uncontrolled fields • Radio Operations at controlled fields • Lost Communications Procedures

  3. VHF Communication Equipment • VHF Range • 118 – 135.975 MHz • Limited to line of Sight • Buildings, terrain, or curvature of the earth block radio waves • Antennas • Military - UHF

  4. Using the Radio • Professional Phraseology (AIM Pilot Controller Glossary) • No Slang, CB Jargon, ETC. • Brief transmissions • State who, where, and what • English recommended by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) • If not official language – state must make it available • Phonetic Alphabet

  5. Using the Radio (cont’d) • Numbers • “Niner” • Decimal point – (135.4) • N – Numbers • Combination of five letters and numbers • All registered U.S. aircraft begin with “N”

  6. Numbers on Radio

  7. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) • 24 Hour clock system • International standard time (Zulu Time) • Places entire world on one standard time zone • Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) • If it is 1300 local in South Bend, what time is it in Greenwich?

  8. Radio Procedures at Uncontrolled Fields • CTAF (Common Traffic Advisory Frequency) • Receive Airport Advisories • Activate Pilot Control Lighting • Found in AF/D (Airport Facilities Directory) • Self – Announced Broadcasting of Intentions • Not required, but good practice

  9. UNICOM • Privately Owned – not official • CTAF will be designated Unicom • Request: • Airport Advisory • Winds / Active Runway • Known Traffic • Services (ex. Fueling, Cab, Pizza)

  10. Airport Advisory Area • FSS (Flight Service Station) on the Field • Extends 10 sm • FSS contacted on CTAF (123.6) • Wind direction • Favored runway • Traffic pattern information

  11. Self – Announcing Procedures • Announce on CTAF/UNICOM • Use MULTICOM (122.9 MHz) only if there is no tower, FSS, or CTAF/UNICOM • MULTICOM provides air-to-air communications for pilots to self – announce position and intentions

  12. CTAF Procedures • Initial call made 10 miles from airport • Use airport’s name at the beginning and end of transmission • Report entering traffic pattern • Report departing the traffic pattern • Communicate on CTAF taxi and departure intentions • Use CTAF when maneuvering (in traffic pattern) • Enroute / Overflight

  13. Radio Procedure at Controlled Fields • Airspace? • ATC Facilities • (1) - Clearance Delivery • 2 - Ground Control • 3 - Control Tower • (4) - Departure / Approach Control

  14. Departure Procedures • Controlled Airports • Receive clearance to taxi, takeoff, and subsequently leave airspace • At large airports with heavy traffic departure procedures can be complex • ATIS (automated terminal information service)

  15. Clearance Delivery • Air Traffic Control Clearance • Authorization by ATC for you to proceed under specific traffic condition within controlled airspace • Prevent collisions • Must read back all clearances • Used for VFR flights in Class B and Class C. • Always for IFR flights

  16. Ground Control • ATC function • Directing movement of aircraft and other vehicles on the airport surface • Must have clearance to operate on surface • Progressive Taxi • At unfamiliar airports the controller will, upon request, provide you with detailed taxi instructions to where you want to go • May be in stages

  17. Control Tower • Takeoff/Landing Clearance • “Taxi into position and hold” • “Hold Short” • Specific heading and turns after takeoff

  18. Departure Control • Provide radar coverage and sequencing of aircraft • Radar Contact • Aircraft identified by ATC and flight following will be provided • Flight Following • Controller observing your progress while you provide your own navigation

  19. Approach Control • ATC function which provides sequencing and separation services for inbound aircraft • Frequencies are published on sectionals and broadcasted over ATIS • Multiple freqs for large airports

  20. Lost Comms Procedures • Can lose communications and still land at an airport with operating control tower • Procedures: • Squawk 7600 (transponder code) • Determine flow of traffic • Join the traffic pattern and maintain visual contact with control tower to receive light gun signals • Acknowledge tower transmission by rocking wings (daytime) or blinking your landing light (night)

  21. Light Gun Signals

  22. Sequence of Events “Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”

  23. Uncontrolled Field Departing • ASOS • Announce: • Taxi (for takeoff) • Departing • Takeoff • Traffic Pattern • Clear of Airport Arriving • ASOS • Announce: • 10NM out • Intentions • 5NM out • Entrance to pattern • Traffic Pattern • Entering • Turning Legs • Exiting Runway • Taxiing to parking

  24. Class B & C Departing • ATIS • Clearance Delivery • Ground • Tower • Departure Arriving • ATIS • Approach • Tower • Ground

  25. Class D & E* Departing • ATIS • Ground • Tower Arriving • ATIS • Tower • Ground * Towered Class E is extremely rare, but does exist

  26. Example “Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!”

  27. ATIS “South Bend airport information Kilo, 2153 zulu weather. Winds 240 @ 12. Visibility 7. Sky conditions, overcast 2,700. Temperature 12, dewpoint 9. Altimeter 29.87. Landing and departing runways 27L and 27R. Notice to airman, there is a 100 foot crane located 2NM off the departure end of 27R. Taxiway Lima is closed for construction. Advise on initial contact you have information Kilo.”

  28. Clearance Delivery N22ND: South Bend Clearance, N22ND. Clearance: N22ND, South Bend Clearance. N22ND: Clearance, 2ND would like to depart VFR to the east heading 090, 3,500, information Kilo. Clearance: N2ND, squawk 4316, departure frequency 118.55, maintain VFR at or below 2,500 until advised. N22ND: Squawk 4316, departure frequency 118.55, maintain VFR at or below 2,500 until advised, 2ND. Clearance: N2ND, read back correct.

  29. Ground Control N22ND: Ground, N22ND is at Corporate Wings, ready for VFR taxi. Ground: N2ND, taxi to runway 27R. N22ND: Taxi to 27R, 2ND.

  30. Tower Control N22ND: Tower, 2ND is ready for takeoff at 27R. Tower: N2ND, taxi into position and hold runway 27R. N22ND: 27R, taxi into position and hold, 2ND. Tower: N2ND, after departure turn right heading 070, maintain 2,500. Runway 27R, cleared for takeoff. N22ND: Turn right heading 070, 2,500, cleared for takeoff 27R, 2ND. ~~ Tower: N2ND, contact departure, have a nice flight. N22ND: Switching to departure, 2ND.

  31. Departure Control N22ND: South Bend Departure, N22ND, passing 1,200 for 2,500. Departure: N22ND, climb and maintain 3,500, fly heading 080. N22ND: Climb and maintain 3,500, heading 080, 2ND. ~~ Departure: N2ND, traffic 3:00, 5 miles, northbound 3,000 feet. N22ND: Traffic in sight, 2ND. Departure: N2ND, proceed on course. N22ND: Proceed on course, 2ND.

  32. Any Questions?

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