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Understanding Obesity and Healthy Weight Management |

Learn about body weight, BMI, waist ratio, health risks of obesity, role of diet and exercise, childhood obesity, and healthy lifestyle changes. Discover key facts about obesity and the importance of maintaining a healthy weight. |

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Understanding Obesity and Healthy Weight Management |

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  1. Obesity

  2. Learning objectives To understand the concept of body weight, overweight and obesity. To understand the different measures of body weight, i.e. weight against height, BMI, waist ratio. To understand the health risks of being overweight or obese. To understand the role of physical activity and diet. To recognise the problem of childhood obesity.

  3. Body weight Body weight is determined by energy intake from food and energy output, i.e. energy needed for basic body processes (such as keeping the heart beating) and for physical activity. If a person regularly takes in even a little more energy from their diet than they need, they will start to gain weight and eventually become overweight.

  4. Healthy weight for adults Adults should aim for a healthy body weight for their height and try to keep it at that level. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is an indicator of whether a person is underweight, overweight or a healthy weight. To calculate BMI (kg/m2), divide weight (kg) by height (m) x height (m). BMI = weight (kg) height (m) x height (m)

  5. Can you work out the BMI? = 26.1 = 19.7 (overweight) (normal) William Height: 1.75m Weight: 80kg BMI = Jane Height: 1.56m Weight: 48kg weight (kg) height (m) x height (m)

  6. Waist circumference This measurement provides information about how your weight is distributed around your body. It is understood that a greater waist circumference can lead to a higher chance of getting diseases such as, type 2 diabetes, heart disease or high blood pressure.

  7. Waist circumference Men - over 94cm/37 inches (substantially increased risk over 102cm/40 inches) Women - over 80cm/31.5 inches (substantially increased risk over 88cm/34.5 inches) These values can differ between different ethnicities.

  8. Key facts about obesity Worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years and older, were overweight. Of these over 650 million were obese. 39% of adults aged 18 years and over were overweight in 2016, and 13% were obese. Most of the world's population live in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight. Almost a quarter of reception children and over a third of year 6 children are overweight or obese.

  9. Overweight and obesity within England – adults 27% of the adult population are obese. 58% of adult women and 68% of adult men are overweight or obese. 26% of adults are classified as inactive (fewer than 30 minutes physical activity a week). 33% of adults consume 5 A DAY. 2% of men and 4% of women are morbidly obese.

  10. Overweight and obesity within England – children Almost a quarter of reception children and over a third of year 6 children are overweight or obese. Obesity prevalence for children living in the most deprived areas was more than double that of those living in the least deprived areas for both reception and year 6. 52% of 15 year olds reported they consumed 5 or more portions of fruit and vegetables a day. 23% of boys and 20% girls meet the physical activity guidelines.

  11. Obesity People who are obese are more likely to suffer from: • coronary heart disease; • type 2 diabetes; • gall stones; • arthritis; • high blood pressure; • some types of cancers, i.e. colon, breast, kidney and stomach.

  12. Health issues and weight loss Most of the health problems associated with obesity decrease through weight loss. People who are very overweight find it more difficult to be physically active and this may add to their health problems.

  13. The role of physical activity Many people in the UK have very inactive lifestyles – few people have physically active jobs or participate in significant amounts of physical activity out of work. Lack of activity is an important factor in the increasing incidence of obesity. Walking or cycling instead of using a car, going to exercise classes and taking part in team sports such as football can all help a person maintain a healthy body weight by increasing energy output.

  14. The role of food All diets containing more energy than a person needs can cause weight gain. Fat provides just over twice as much energy per gram (3.75kcal/g) as carbohydrate (9kcal/g). It is recommended that: • about 50% of our energy intake should come from carbohydrate. • no more than 35% of our energy intake should come from fat. • about 15% of our energy intake should come from protein.

  15. A lifestyle change After a person discovers they are overweight or obese their lifestyle will need to change to reduce weight. Many factors lead to a person becoming overweight or obese. Doctors or dietitians can provide information on lifestyle changes that can lead to weight loss. This can be a good opportunity to make general improvements to their diet and physical activity levels.

  16. Overweight but not obese Being overweight (BMI 25-30), but not obese, is still a risk to health. People in this range should not gain anymore weight and ensure they participate in physical activity and eat a balanced diet to become a healthy weight. In many countries, there are cultural pressures for people, especially women, to be slim. People may try to lose weight even though they are in the normal weight range for their height or only slightly overweight. An obsession with weight or severe weight loss may lead to development of an eating disorder, e.g. anorexia nervosa or bulimia.

  17. Review of the learning objectives To understand the concept of body weight, overweight and obesity. To understand the different measures of body weight, i.e. weight against height, BMI, waist ratio. To understand the health risks of being overweight or obese. To understand the role of physical activity and diet. To recognise the problem of childhood obesity.

  18. Quiz- Kahoot Open the link below on the main screen and get students to log onto kahoot.it on their tablets or smartphones. They can then enter the code (that will come up on the main screen when you start the game) and their own nickname. They can then play along with the quiz choosing the multiple choice answers that correspond with the questions on the main screen. There will then be a leaderboard of the scores after each question and at the end. https://play.kahoot.it/#/?quizId=3f5236b7-60bc-4bb6-93c5-94978e9c0c3e

  19. The information in this PowerPoint presenation has been taken from www.nutrition.org.uk. For more information on Obesity and Weight Management click here.

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