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FAD. Simon J. Kenyon Ross University. FAD Myths. FADs are a problem for large animal veterinarians FADs look like the pictures USDA/APHIS/VS doesn’t like false alarms It can’t happen to me. Jul Dec 2009. Jan Jun 2010.
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FAD Simon J. Kenyon Ross University
FAD Myths • FADs are a problem for large animal veterinarians • FADs look like the pictures • USDA/APHIS/VS doesn’t like false alarms • It can’t happen to me
Jul Dec 2009 Jan Jun 2010
WHO 2003-9: "An influenza pandemic occurs when a new influenza virus appears against which the human population has no immunity, resulting in epidemics worldwide with enormous numbers of deaths and illness“ WHO 2010: "An influenza pandemic may occur when a new influenza virus appears against which the human population has no immunity" CDC 1997: "The hallmark of pandemic influenza is excess mortality" CDC: "There are some pandemics that look very much like a bad flu season"
Some recent cases • Screwworm, Sept 2007, Mississippi • Avian Influenza HPAI, 2004 - H5N2 Texas, H7N3 British Columbia • Exotic Newcastle Disease 2003 – California, Texas • BSE, 2003 - 2007 – imported and US bred cattle • Monkey Pox, multi-state, June 2003 • Bluetongue – Montana, Wyoming 2007
Monkey Pox • Imported Gambian Giant Rat • Prairie Dogs • Humans
Screwworm Image from “The Gray Book”, University of Georgia
Screwworm Screwworm - Third instar larvae, Cochliomyia hominivorax
Recent Outbreaks • Exotic Newcastle Disease – California, Texas etc Sept. 2003
Opportunities for Veterinarians • Initial Accreditation Training Course • USDA/APHIS/VS and State Animal Health Depts. • Animal Surveillance Emergency Response Teams (ASERT) • Purdue’s Graduate Certificate Program in Veterinary Homeland Security
Swine Vesicular Disease Vesicular Stomatitis Foot and Mouth Disease Vesicular Exanthema Clinical Comparisons: Snouts
Airborne Spread? “O Lausanne 1965”
Proposed Biosafety Level 4 sites • Flora, Mississippi • Athens, Georgia • San Antonio, Texas • Butner, North Carolina Manhattan, Kansas
Avian influenza • Natural Host: Waterfowl (ducks, geese etc.) • Domestic species affected • Chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, guinea fowl, quail and pheasant • Some pet birds Low Pathogenicity (LPAI) High Pathogenicity (HPAI)
Symptoms of HPAI • A lot of birds affected • Dead birds • Very sick birds • Coughing and sneezing • Swollen combs and wattles • Discolored and swollen joints • Diarrhea
Avian Influenza Cyanotic Comb
VVND Edema and hemorrhage of the head esp. eyelids
VVND Hemorrhages in proventriculus
VVND Necrosis of cecal tonsil and Peyer’s patches
African Swine Fever Reddening of ears and skin (non-specific)
African Swine Fever Enlarged dark red or black spleen. Note kidney
African Swine Fever Hemorrhagic gastro-hepatic lymph nodes
African Swine Fever Enlarged, hemorrhagic peri-renal lymph nodes
Hog Cholera Conjunctivitis and exudate at medial canthus
Hog Cholera Tonsillar necrosis