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FAD. Simon J. Kenyon Ross University. Learning Objectives. Understand the global context of FADs and their importance Recognize the clinical signs of important FADs Know what to do if you encounter an unusual disease that is possibly and FAD. FAD Myths.
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FAD Simon J. Kenyon Ross University
Learning Objectives • Understand the global context of FADs and their importance • Recognize the clinical signs of important FADs • Know what to do if you encounter an unusual disease that is possibly and FAD
FAD Myths • FADs are a problem for large animal veterinarians • FADs look like the pictures • USDA/APHIS/VS doesn’t like false alarms • It can’t happen to me
Some recent cases • Screwworm, Sept 2007, Mississippi • Avian Influenza HPAI, 2004 - H5N2 Texas, H7N3 British Columbia • Exotic Newcastle Disease 2003 – California, Texas • BSE, 2003 - 2007 – imported and US bred cattle • Monkey Pox, multi-state, June 2003 • Bluetongue – Montana, Wyoming 2007
Monkey Pox • Imported Gambian Giant Rat • Prairie Dogs • Humans
Screwworm Image from “The Gray Book”, University of Georgia
Screwworm Screwworm - Third instar larvae, Cochliomyia hominivorax
Recent Outbreaks Exotic Newcastle Disease – California 2002-2003 Moynihan Report on Collaborative Networks, 2005 “On average 40 new employees joined the task force daily”
Opportunities for Veterinarians • Initial Accreditation Training Course • USDA/APHIS/VS and State Animal Health Depts. • Animal Surveillance Emergency Response Teams (ASERT) • Purdue’s Graduate Certificate Program in Veterinary Homeland Security
Swine Vesicular Disease Vesicular Stomatitis Foot and Mouth Disease Vesicular Exanthema Clinical Comparisons: Snouts
FMD Issues • Early Diagnosis • Time from diagnosis to slaughter • Models • Vaccination • Carcass disposal • Societal change
Canada Canada Mexico Mexico South America Puerto Rico North Carolina Live Animal Shipments • Beef Cattle Swine Goats Dairy Cattle Live animals are shipped to a total of 27 states, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Canada and South America! Sheep and Lambs Poultry
Airborne Spread? “O Lausanne 1965”
Proposed Biosafety Level 4 sites • Flora, Mississippi • Athens, Georgia • San Antonio, Texas • Butner, North Carolina Manhattan, Kansas
Avian influenza • Natural Host: Waterfowl (ducks, geese etc.) • Domestic species affected • Chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, guinea fowl, quail and pheasant • Some pet birds Low Pathogenicity (LPAI) High Pathogenicity (HPAI)
Type A Influenza • 16 H (hemagglutinin antigens) and 9 N (neuraminidase antigens) • All subtypes can be found in birds, but only subtypes H5 and H7 have caused severe outbreaks of disease in birds
Symptoms of HPAI • A lot of birds affected • Dead birds • Very sick birds • Coughing and sneezing • Swollen combs and wattles • Discolored and swollen joints • Diarrhea
Avian Influenza Cyanotic Comb