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Assessing Emulated Inertial Response from Wind Generation in the GB Power System

Assessing Emulated Inertial Response from Wind Generation in the GB Power System. Lei Wu David Infield Institute for Energy and Environment Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK Presented at EWEA Conference, Vienna, 7 th Feb. 2013.

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Assessing Emulated Inertial Response from Wind Generation in the GB Power System

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  1. Assessing Emulated Inertial Response from Wind Generation in the GB Power System Lei Wu David Infield Institute for Energy and Environment Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK Presented at EWEA Conference, Vienna, 7th Feb. 2013

  2. Outline • Introduction • System modelling • Assessing aggregate inertial response • Simulation results • Conclusions

  3. How best should power system frequency response in the context of high wind penetration be provided: Introduction From demand side management? From wind turbines ? From conventional plant?

  4. Introduction • The rate of change of system frequency will depend on • The power mismatch • Total power system inertia • Total power system inertia • Synchronous generators and some system load • Variable speed wind turbines • Deliver frequency support from wind plant • Inertial response • Droop response

  5. Wind turbine modelling 4 sub-systems: 1. Rotor aerodynamics 2. Drive train The power delivered by the rotor of a wind turbine is given by: • 3. Turbine controller • above rated power/wind speed • below rated power/wind speed 4. Electrical sub-system

  6. Delivering inertial response from wind • The principle is to modify the demanded torque in response to a change in system frequency by adding an extra torque term. • The modified demanded torque is then given by:

  7. GB Power system modelling Based on a lower-order System Frequency Responsemodel first proposed by P. Anderson in 1990.

  8. Aggregate inertial response from a wind farm • Describe the wind through a family of wind ramps ranges • Calculate the power response corresponding to each wind ramp case • Calculate the joint probability of each wind ramp case • Calculate the expected aggregate inertial response by summing up all the power response corresponding to each wind ramp weighted by the appropriate probabilities [1] Example for mean wind speed of 10 m/s [1] Towards an Assessment of Power System Frequency Support from Wind Plant – Modelling Aggregate Inertial Response, accepted by IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

  9. Assess aggregate inertial response from wind generation in the GB power system • To develop a decentralised approach, the GB power system is divided into 17 study regions. • The wind capacity in each study zone is estimated for the study year of 2020. • A Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model is applied to synthesise wind speed data across the power system.

  10. Simulation results System load on a typical British summer day Example wind speeds for regions

  11. Simulation results Maximum rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) immediately following transient Frequency minimum (nadir) following transient

  12. Conclusions • A probabilistic approach to assessing the aggregate inertial response available from wind generation has been proposed. • The impact of frequency support from wind on the power system as a whole can be quantified with some degree of confidence. • Provision of frequency support from wind plant can help reduce the rate of change of system frequency (ROCOF) and improve frequency minimum.

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