Planning of workflow by combined use of location-based scheduling and 4D CAD

1. Planning of workflow by combined use of location-based scheduling and 4D CAD Rogier Jongeling Luleå University of Technology eBygg – Centre for Information Technology in Construction http://construction.project.ltu.se

2. PhD research by Rogier Jongeling • Introduction • Motivating Example • Observations • Research questions • Method • Projects • Results

3. MOTIVATION • There is a great potential to improve workflow in construction • 15-20% of construction worker's time spent on direct work • 45% indirect work (preparations, instructions, getting material, etc.) • 35% redoing errors, waiting, disruptions, etc. • Managing the flow of work by improved planning methods can significantly contribute to reduction of waste in the construction process • Enabling technologies / developments • 3D/4D CAD • Lean Construction • Location-based scheduling

4. MotivatingExample • Traditional Traditional Form Work Reinforcement On-Site Standard Concrete • Industrialized Permanent Form Work Reinforcement Carpets Self Compacting Concrete Trad AVIInd AVIComb AVI

5. Analyses from 4D model

6. Analyses from 4D model

7. Overlap

8. Scheduling Method - CPM

9. Location-based scheduling

10. Observations • Evaluating 4D models • Beyond snapshots & AVI movie • Quantify 4D results • Representation • Design model <> Production model • Aspects of tasks without a geometric representation, but with a spatial dimension • Scheduling method • Discrete events <> Flow

11. Research Questions What is workflow? What scheduling methods are available / required to plan for workflow? What is a 4D CAD based method to plan for workflow? What analyses of 4D model content are required?

12. Method • Literature study • Projects • Application • Observations • Formalization

13. Projects • Virtual Construction Course Luleå University, Sweden • LKAB Pelletizing Plant Malmberget, Sweden

14. Processmetod

15. Course Virtual Construction 2005 Commonpoint 4D ArchiCAD ADT .IFC VRML .txt Dynaproject Excel Excel

16. Defining the spatial sub-system

19. Integration of 3D and Line of Balance  4D • Integration facilitates the cost estimation, planning and 4D modelling process • 4D model is a valuable complement to the LoB diagram • 4D model shows what is done, but not how • Analyses of the 4D model are visual and not quantitative

20. Micro-planning of activities

21. LKAB MK3

23. LKAB MK3 – 4D modelling • 4D macro model: planning + 3D building model objects • 4D micro model: 4D base model + workspaces (type, duration)

24. 4D base model 4D+ model I 4D+ model II

25. Analys Risks Logistics Flow # types distances m2 area # areas

26. Deliverables • Journal Papers • Published • ITcon – nD modeling in the development of cast in place concrete structures • Accepted • Automation in Construction – A method for planning of workflow by combined use of location-based scheduling and 4D CAD • Submitted • CACAIE – Macro- and micro-management of workflow using location-based scheduling and 4D CAD • Construction Innovation – Lean Planning, a case study of a multi-storey timber housing project using Line-of-Balance and 4D CAD • CIFE Quantitative analyses of 4D models • Conference Papers • INCITE 2004 • ECPPM 2004 • ICCEM 2005 • INCITE 2006 • PhD Thesis 20 November 2006

27. Questions? • Rogier Jongeling • rogier.jongeling@ltu.se • +46702702543 • Luleå University of Technology • eBygg – Centre for Information Technology in Construction • http://construction.project.ltu.se