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Lesson 12 Prepositions

Lesson 12 Prepositions. Prepositions. Prepositions are used with gen., dat., or acc. case (“oblique” cases). They help define the case, make it more specific (# 74). Some prepositions have different meanings depending on case of the noun (cf. u`po, # 57 ( para, # 74 ). Prepositions.

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Lesson 12 Prepositions

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  1. Lesson 12Prepositions

  2. Prepositions • Prepositions are used with gen., dat., or acc. case (“oblique” cases). • They help define the case, make it more specific (# 74). • Some prepositions have different meanings depending on case of the noun (cf. u`po, # 57( para, # 74).

  3. Prepositions • Prepositions ending in a vowel drop the vowel before a word beginning with a vowel (elision): • avpo. avrch/j becomes avp v avrch/j) • para. auvtw/n becomes parV auvtw/n) • Exceptions: pro, and peri, do not elide. • Before words beginning with a vowel, evk changes to evx (volatilization). • evk Aivgu,ptou becomes evx Aivgu,ptou) • Before rough breathing t becomes q and p becomes f)

  4. Compound Verbs • Many verbs are formed by prefixing a preposition to a simple verb. • The resulting meaning may be totally predictable – or not (# 75). a. evk ! ba,llw = evkba,llw = I throw out. • sun ! a,gw = suna,gw = I gather together. • para ! lamba,nw = paralamba,nw = I take, receive. • Before verbs beginning with a vowel, prepositions ending in a vowel drop the vowel; evk changes to evx (# 76). • para, ! e;cw = pare,cw = I cause, bring about, offer. • evk !evballon = evxe,ballon = I was throwing out.

  5. Compound Verbs • To augment a compound verb (# 76): • First remove the preposition. • Augment the verb part as usual (syllabic or temporal). • Then put the preposition back on (“internal” augment). • Elision or volatilization may occur: vowel at end of prep. will drop (except pro, and peri,); k changes to x. • Impf. of paralamba,nw = para ! ela,mbanon = parela,mbanon) • Impf. of suna,gw = sun ! h/gon = sunh/gon)(Accent is correct. Though verb accent is recessive, in compounds the accent never precedes the augment.) • Impf. of avposte,llw = avpo ! e,stellon = avpe,stellon $o elides%) • Impf. ofevkba,llw = evk ! e,ballon = evxe,ballon (k volatilizes).

  6. Homework • Study Lesson 12, including vocabulary. • Conjugate avposte,llw in all tenses we’ve had (be careful with impf.). • Exercises # 77. • Read Lesson 13.

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