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TERMS OF REFERENCE

TERMS OF REFERENCE. If you speak Spanish, you may find the following mnemonics useful: Rostral (rostro means face); Ventral (vientre means tummy); Caudal (cola means butt). TERMS OF REFERENCE. Terms of Reference. Like a loaf of bread. Like a hamburger (horizon). Like an apple.

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TERMS OF REFERENCE

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  1. TERMS OF REFERENCE If you speak Spanish, you may find the following mnemonics useful: Rostral (rostro means face); Ventral (vientre means tummy); Caudal (cola means butt)

  2. TERMS OF REFERENCE Terms of Reference

  3. Like a loaf of bread Like a hamburger (horizon) Like an apple

  4. LATERAL VIEW Central Sulcus Lateral Fissure

  5. _________ VIEW Locate: Spinal Cord Brain Stem: (Pons Medulla) Cerebellum Central sulcus, lateral fissure, Lobes, Broca’s area, primary auditory, motor, and somatosensory cortex

  6. DORSAL VIEW

  7. VENTRAL VIEW

  8. _________ VIEW Locate: Spinal Cord Brain Stem: Cerebellum Frontal Lobe, Temporal lobe Olfactory nerve

  9. Localize: cerebellum, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thalamus, hypothalamus, corpus callosum, Brainstem: medulla, pons, midbrain (superior colliculus, inferior colliculus ),

  10. VENTRICLES - Two lateral, a third and a fourth ventricle, central canal - filled with cerebrospinal fluid MENINGES – cover brain and spinal cord - dura mater, arachnoid layer, pia mater

  11. Vertebra of Spinal column

  12. Basal Ganglia

  13. BRAINSTEM HYPOTHALAMUS: 4 F’s(feeding, fighting, fleeing,sex) MIDBRAIN • VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (reward, motivation) • SUBSTANTIA NIGRA (motor function, Parkinson’s Disease) PONS (arousal – reticular formation), MEDULLA (respiration, heart rate, salivation)

  14. Spinal cord cross-section

  15. Nissl-stained rat brain

  16. Gross Anatomy • The best way to learn anatomy is a combination of coloring the anatomy book and hands-on labs. • Thus there will be no lecture on this topic • Use the following notes & figures as prompts and reminders, rather than as a laundry list to be memorized.

  17. Terms describing anatomical structures A bundle of axons: in the Central Nervous System = TRACT (e.g., ‘optic tract’) in the Peripheral Nervous System = NERVE (e.g., optic nerve) A collection of cell bodies in the Central Nervous System = NUCLEUS (e.g. nucleus accumbens) in the Peripheral Nervous System = GANGLION (exception: basal ganglia are in the CNS) Gray matter - cell bodies White matter - myelinated axons Gyrus – ridge or protuberance on surface of the brain Sulcus – groove on surface of brain between gyri Fissure – long, deep sulcus

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