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ATEM MODULE 5: LIGHTING

Learn about lighting terms such as lumen and footcandle, as well as different lamp types like incandescent, fluorescent, high-intensity discharge, and color temperatures of light.

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ATEM MODULE 5: LIGHTING

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  1. ATEM MODULE 5: LIGHTING Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  2. Lighting Terms • Lumen (l) – Quantity of light emitted from a lamp • Footcandle (fc) – Measurement of light reaching a surface • Efficacy • Electrical “efficiency” of a light source • Lumens output per watts input (lpw) • Color rendering index (CRI) – Ability of a lamp to depict colors accurately • Color temperature – Coolness or warmness of a light source (K) • Ballast factor (BF) – Actual lamp lumens vs. lumens from standard reference ballast Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  3. Lamp Types • Incandescent • Very low efficacies • Inexpensive • Easily dimmable • Types • A, R, & PAR lamps • Hydrogen • Fluorescent • Linear & compact • Good efficacies • Long lamp life • Special dimming ballast • High intensity discharge • High light output • Long lamp life • Mercury vapor • Metal halide • Good efficacy • Whiter light • High pressure sodium • High efficacy • Yellow tinted light • Poor color rendering Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  4. Color Temperatures of Light Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  5. Lamp Efficacies Comparison White LED Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  6. Types of Metal Halide Lamps • Standard • Super • Position dedicated • Improved performance over standard • Ceramic • Higher CRI • Less lumen depreciation • Pulse start • Higher light output • Better lumen maintenance • More energy efficient • Whiter light • Faster re-strike times • Longer life • Cannot be used with standard ballasts Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  7. Fluorescent Lamps • 32-watt T-8 • Standard, super • 4’ length • Most common • 30- & 28-watt T-8 • “Supersaver”, “Watt Miser” • 4’ length • Lower energy usage • Reduced light output • T-5 • Metric lengths • Will not retrofit in T8 fixtures • Potential glare problems • Good for indirect • Standard • High output (54 w) Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  8. Fluorescent Lamps Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  9. T-8 Energy Saving Lamps • 25-, 28-, & 30-watt • Higher lumens per watt • Energy savings • Lower lumen output Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  10. Fluorescent Lamps & Fixtures T-8 T-5 HO T-8 & T-5 Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  11. Fluorescent Lamp Descriptions F32T8/841/XP FwwTdd/color/shape/energy/other U – U-lamp F – fluorescent ww – nominal lamp wattage T – tubular shape dd – lamp diameter, 1/8’s SS – Supersaver WM – Wattmiser XP – Extended performance SP – std. CRI SPX – high CRI 7, 8 – CRI range 30, 35, 41 – lamp color Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  12. Systems Energy Comparison – 4-Lamp Fluorescent TypeWatts (typ.) Electromagnetic (w/ 40-watt lamps) 192 Hybrid “energy saving” (w/ 34-watt lamps) 144 Electronic – Program start & normal BF F32T8 111 F30T8 103 F28T8 95 Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  13. Fluorescent Ballast Types • Magnetic – obsolete • Core & coil assembly transformer • Inefficient • 60 hz • Potential flicker & hum issues • Hybrid – obsolete • Magnetic w/ some electronic components • Some increase in efficiency • 60 hz • Potential flicker & hum issues • Electronic • High frequencies > 20,000 hz • No flicker or hum issues • Most efficient Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  14. Electronic Ballast Types • Rapid start • Low voltage preheats cathodes • Lamp strikes when cathodes hot • Slight starting delay • Longer lamp life • Becoming obsolete • Instant start • No preheating • No starting delay • High voltage starts lamp • Most energy efficient • Decreased lamp life • Program start • Cathodes heat applied prior to lamp ignition • Heat removed after ignition • Slight starting delay • Longer lamp life • Use w/ occupancy sensors Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  15. T-8 Ballasts: 4-Lamp Comparison Example • 32-watt lamps • Normal ballast factor • BF = 0.88 • Power = 108 watts • Output = 10,200 limens • High ballast factor • BF = 1.15 • Power = 144 watts • Output – 13,300 limens • Low ballast factor • BF = 0.78 • Power = 95 watts • Output – 9,360 lumens • 28-watt lamps • Normal ballast factor • BF = 0.88 • Power = 95 watts • Output = 9,590 limens • High ballast factor • BF = 1.15 • Power = 127 watts • Output – 12,535 limens • Low ballast factor • BF = 0.78 • Power = 84 watts • Output – 8,500 lumens Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  16. Harmonic Distortion • Multiples of fundamental frequency (60 Hz) • Can cause problems with other electrical equipment • Specify ballasts with low total harmonic distortion (THD) Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  17. LED Lighting • Semi conductors that can emit light • Multiple LEDs grouped to produce higher light levels • Require driver (analogous to ballast) • Characteristics • Long life expectancy • Low energy consumption • Vibration resistant • Dimmable Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  18. LED Lighting • Current status • Efficacies increasing • Actual efficacies lower than laboratory • Higher initial cost than other sources • Available fixtures • Downlights • Undercabinet • Troffers • Task lighting • Floodlights • Parking lot lights Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  19. LED Lighting Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  20. LED Fixtures Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  21. LED Controls • Switches • Occupant sensors • Dimmers • Timeclocks • Photocells / photosensors • Centralized lighting control systems Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  22. Controls Functions • Off/on • Switches • Motion sensors • Timeclocks • Photocells • Dimming • Controls • Dimming ballasts • Photosensors • Programmed – centralized lighting control systems Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  23. Occupant Sensors • Passive infrared • Sense body heat • Unobstructed spaces • Ultrasonic • Sense body motion • Spaces w/ obstructions • Dual mode – combination • Vacancy sensors • Manual on • Auto off Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  24. Centralized Lighting Control Systems • Programmable “brain” • Relays • Peripheral devices • Occupancy sensors • Photocells • Programmable switches • Schedules • Sweeps • Events • Weekends / holidays Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  25. Lighting Controls Comparisons • Occupancy sensors • Lighting control system with bi-level switching • Lighting control system occupancy sensors (separate areas) • Lighting control system with occupancy sensors Relative Cost Potential Savings $ 25% $$ 15% $$$ 15%+ $$$$ 25%+ Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  26. IECC 2015 – Allowable Interior Lighting Power Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  27. IECC 2015 – Other Lighting Requirements • Room lighting controls • Vacancy sensors, or • Max. 50% initial light output • Controls in daylight zones • Windows & skylights • Independent of other space lighting • Daylight responsive • Photosensor • Dimming ballast • Maximum allowable exterior lighting power Accredited Texas Energy Manager

  28. questions Ashley Williams, MCRP & ATEM • Texas Energy Managers Association • Director of Curriculum and Certification • awilliams@texasema.org Texas Energy Managers Association • www.texasema.org energy management program: fundamentals and development

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