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Study Skills

Study Skills. For Students of English. English as Your Language of Instruction p.1. Motivation Concentration Distraction Place of Study Time of Study. Motivation. Inside: Your hopes and expectations Outside: Grades (small, artificial steps to ultimate goal).

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Study Skills

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  1. Study Skills For Students of English

  2. English as Your Language of Instructionp.1 • Motivation • Concentration • Distraction • Place of Study • Time of Study

  3. Motivation • Inside: Your hopes and expectations • Outside: Grades (small, artificial steps to ultimate goal)

  4. Concentration • How and why is the subject important? • How is the subject related to other subjects, other times, places, problems and purposes? • Interest depends on understanding

  5. Distraction: How to avoid? • May not have 100% control • Choose your time and place to study • Keep good health

  6. Place of Study • To increase efficiency • Ideally if you have your private room • A desk specifically reserved for studying • Quiet environment • Optimal lighting and temperature

  7. Time of Study:Plan your work and work your plan • 1 or 2 hours early in the morning • Definite time schedule • Don’t allow your work to accumulate • Never cram materials 2 days before exam • 1-hour lesson + 2-hour study time • Trade time, don’t steal it.

  8. Learning Vocabulary of English p.47 • By Phonograms • By Guessing meaning from Context • By Word Formation • Prefix + word stem + suffix • Changing Parts of Speech • Present and past participles as Adjectives • Word stems

  9. Recording the Meaning of Words p.75 • File cards/ Note book • New word on a separate card • Copy meaning, pronunciation, part of speech, usage on 4 columns • Arrange cards alphabetically • Review regularly • Check mark beside difficult word

  10. Writing an Outline: organization of related ideas p.81 • Useful for : • Analyze ideas when reading (summary of ideas) • Organize ideas when writing (expansion of ideas)

  11. How An Outline Is Written p.81 • System of indenting, numbering and lettering 2. Heading: • Topic Outline • Sentence Outline

  12. Outlining Before Writingp.90 • Expository writing: expose facts or ideas by presenting, explaining, or interpreting • Brainstorming of ideas • Delete irrelevant points • organize your ideas by organizing main ideas and supporting details systematically • One main point=> One paragraph • Descending order of importance

  13. Improving your Reading p.95 • Reading speed Vs Comprehension • Achieve a comfortable balance • Don’t vocalize words • Try pointing at lines but not words • Speed increases with a better knowledge of grammar and usage • Speed varies depending on material and purposes of reading • Regression unavoidable

  14. Ways of reducing uncertainty: Predictingp.100 • Visual information (by actual looking at it ) • Orthographic information (by phonograms) • Grammatical information (by rules of grammar) • Semantic information ( by logical deduction) • Revising if necessary (when more, new information comes up)

  15. Recognizing Paragraph Patterns while Reading p.122 • Paragraphs of Analysis • Paragraphs of Description • Paragraphs of Comparison and Contrast • Paragraphs of Analogy • Paragraphs of Definition

  16. Paragraphs of Analysis: deductive organization • Function: to analyze a topic • Moves from General to the Particular • Main ideas introduced at the beginning of the paragraph (topic sentence) or as a conclusion at the end • Supporting details: causes, effects, reasons, methods, purposes

  17. Paragraphs of Description • Physical description : general to specific or vice versa • Description of a process: order of sequence, imperatives

  18. Paragraphs of Comparison and Contrast • Main idea: is it similar or different? • Supporting details: descriptions+ examples + definitions

  19. Paragraphs of Analogy • Purpose: clarifying an abstract idea by comparing it to a more concrete, visualizable example • Start with a clearly stated Topic sentence • Followed by Comparison to reduce it to a common, easily comprehended situation for better understanding.

  20. Paragraphs of Definition • Purposes: define, explain, clarify the meaning • Includes: analysis, comparison or contrast, description, an analogy • Main idea: topic sentence at the beginning or as conclusion at the end

  21. Reference • Relate ideas to each other • Signals syntactic or semantic connection within and between sentences • Can refer back to ideas mentioned, or forward to ideas yet to be stated

  22. Connectives p.130 • Better understanding increases reading speed • Helps prediction of the subsequent ideas in reading • Helps flow and elaboration of ideas when writing

  23. Functions of Connectives Signal Results: consequently, accordingly Signal Contrast: nevertheless, in spite of Signal Addition: in addition, furthermore Signal Examples: for instance Signal Series or Time Sequence: to begin with, finally

  24. Making Good Notes p.185 • Requires active participation • Demands full attention • Be alert to the thought of speaker • Be able to differentiate important ideas Critical Thinking Skills

  25. How to keep a note book • Use an outline • Use a large loose-leaf notebook • Use ink, colour pencils for visual effect • Title each page with course name and date • Leave wide margin on the left or right for review

  26. Purpose of making notes • Guide you through carefully through the course (Outline) • Aid your thinking by referring to the main points (Highlight) • Remind you later the development and relationship of essential ideas (Macro view of idea:-Mind Map)

  27. How to make notes effectively? • Distinguish the relative importance of ideas, facts /opinions (Thinking Skills) • Write rapidly and clearly (regular practice essential) using symbols or abbreviations, the exact words of which should be written later • Practice with outlining written materials first : especially arranging topic sentence, subordinate details, connectives, transition and conclusion

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