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Indian Wars and Resettlement

Explore the turbulent history of the American frontier, from Indian wars to mining booms, cowboy life to farming challenges. Witness the clash of cultures in the growing West.

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Indian Wars and Resettlement

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  1. Indian Wars and Resettlement Chapter 15 Section 1

  2. Indians of the Great Plains • 225,000 Indians • Relied on Buffalo • Were nomadic • White settlers began moving across Plains to get to Pacific • Some settled • Intentionally killed buffalo

  3. Indian Wars • Beginning in 1865 US military try to force Indians onto reservations • Ended traditional Indian lifestyle • Series of massacres by both US troops and Indians • American policy became to either kill Indians or make them submit

  4. Indian Resistance • Battle of Little Big Horn • Custer’s Last Stand • Sioux led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated US Army • Chief Joseph • Led Nez Perces resistance • Wounded Knee • US Soldiers killed unarmed Sioux

  5. Dawes Act 1887 • Attempt to Americanize the Indians • Aim to end Indian culture

  6. Dawes Act 1887 • Forced Indians to live on farms • Many Indians were scammed out of their land

  7. Seeking Gold and Silver Chapter 15 Section 2

  8. Boom Towns • Mining towns appear throughout west • Looking for gold and silver • Thousands of miners arrive with new strike • Entire towns disappear when mine runs dry • Tombstone, Deadwood, Denver, Virginia City,

  9. Virginia City, 1880 Comstock Lode • Virginia City, Nevada • Large silver deposit located in Nevada • John Mackay developed techniques to get silver from mines

  10. Vigilante Justice • No formal government in large parts of west • Communities settled issues on their own

  11. Effect of Mining • Opened Rocky Mountain region to settlement • Revealed natural wealth of US • Increased demand for railroads and taking of Indian lands

  12. Cattle Kingdom Chapter 15 Section 3

  13. Life on the Plains • Mostly men lived on plains • Women on plains had to do everything • Led to women getting right to vote in west first

  14. Cattle and Cowboys • Cattle roamed plains led by Cowboys • Cowboys learned skills from Mexican vaqueros • Needed open range for herds • Texas Longhorns could withstand journey across plains • Railroad increased demand for beef in east

  15. Long Drive • Cowboys would drive cattle from Texas to Wyoming • Needed to keep herd moving at consistent pace • Cow Towns • Emerged at end of cattle drives • Frequently along railroad routes

  16. End of Open Range • Too many ranchers reduced grasslands of Plains • Farmers began claiming lands in open range • Put up barbed wire fences to keep cattle out • Government helped protect land claims • Ranchers had to buy grazing land instead of open range • Cattle raising became a more structured business

  17. Farmers’ Frontier Chapter 15 Section 4

  18. SOD HOUSES • No timber on Plains, so made houses from sod (dirt) • Would leak • Buffalo chips used for heat

  19. North Dakota summer North Dakota winter grasshoppers Extreme Weather • Extreme heat and cold made farming difficult • Fire and swarms of insects destroyed farms

  20. Land Availability • Railroad Land • Railroad companies were given land to sell in exchange for building railroads • Railroads encouraged settlement of west • Homestead Act • Government gave land for free • Must work land for 5 years

  21. Difficulties Farming • Prairie grasses were hard to break into arable soil • Required lots of labor • Water was difficult to find • Barbed wire was invented to keep cattle off of farmland

  22. Water and “dry farming • Water wells were not enough for irrigation • “Dry farming” was developed • Used moisture in soil • Needed to plow deep • Required steel plows and heavy machinery

  23. West Grows • Great Plains grew rapidly • Helped with Homestead Act and railroads

  24. OKLAHOMA LAND RUSH • 1889 Oklahoma was settled – ended the frontier • April 22, 1889 at noon the last Indian territory was settled by white settlers. • 9 hours – 2 million acres claimed • Best land taken by “Sooners” • People who entered the territory than the government allowed

  25. OKLAHOMA LAND RUSH • 1889 Oklahoma was settled – ended the frontier • April 22, 1889 at noon the last Indian territory was settled by white settlers. • 9 hours – 2 million acres claimed • Best land taken by “Sooners” • People who entered the territory than the government allowed

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