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The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular System. Kimberly Ball,Keisha Blanco, & Joshua Hyun Period 3. Unit Morphemes. Introduction of the Circulatory System. System made up of the heart and different vessels Heart Arteries Capillaries Veins Transports blood Carries nutrients and oxygen

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The Cardiovascular System

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  1. The Cardiovascular System Kimberly Ball,Keisha Blanco, & Joshua Hyun Period 3

  2. Unit Morphemes

  3. Introduction of the Circulatory System • System made up of the heart and different vessels • Heart • Arteries • Capillaries • Veins • Transports blood • Carries nutrients and oxygen • Maintains Homeostasis • Allows for function of organs

  4. Size and Location • Heart • Size: • Individual’s fist closed • 14 centimeters • Location: • Chest Cavity between lungs • Left of the center • Base is on the wide superior border • Apex is found at the inferior point

  5. Structure of The Heart • Heart: surrounded by serous membrane • Three Serous membranes of tissue • Visceral Pericardium • Pericardial Cavity • Parietal • Fibrous Tissue • Heart Wall 3 layers • Epicardium • Myocardium • Endocardium

  6. Structure of The Heart Cont. • Chambers of the Heart • 2 Atria Upper Chambers • Left Atrium • Right Atrium • 2 Ventricles Lower Chambers • Left Ventricle • Right Ventricle • Heart: 4 Great Vessels • Superior Vena Cava • Inferior Vena Cava • Pulmonary Trunk • Aorta Pump

  7. Structure of The Heart Cont. • Heart: Major Blood Vessels • Arteries • Aorta • Pulmonary arteries • Coronary Arteries • Veins • Superior and Inferior Vena Cava • Coronary Sinus • Pulmonary Veins

  8. Structure of The Heart Cont. • Heart: Valves • Atrioventricular • Tricuspid • Bicuspid • Chordae Tendineae • Papillary Muscle • Semilunar Valves • Pulmonary SL Valve • Aortic SL Valve

  9. Blood Flow • The Blood follows a certain path. • Vena Cava (Deoxygenated Blood) • Right Atrium (Deoxygenated Blood) • Right Ventricle (Deoxygenated Blood) • Pulmonary Artery (Deoxygenated Blood) • Lungs (Mixed Blood) • Pulmonary Vein (Oxygenated Blood) • Left Atrium (Oxygenated Blood) • Left Ventricle (Oxygenated Blood) • Aorta (Oxygenated Blood) • Blood Capillaries (Mixed Blood)

  10. Bloodflow cont. • Pulmonary and Coronary • Pulmonary circuit • -system of blood vessels • that carries blood between • the heart and the lungs • Coronary circuit • -pathway in which the • the heart muscle is supplied • with blood

  11. Cardiac Conduction System • Autorhythmic= self exciting • Cells that make-up CCS are in charge of initiating and distributing cardiac impulses throughout the heart muscle= heart to beat • Sinoatrial Node • Atrioventricular Node • Atrioventricular Bundle • Right and Left Bundle Branches • Purkinje Fibers

  12. Electrocardiogram (ECG) -The electrical changes that happen in the myocardium during a cycle of cardiac are recorded in the electrogastrogram.

  13. CARDIAC CYCLE • What is the Cardiac Cycle? • -Events that lead to complete a full complete heartbeat is known as a heartbeat. • Systole is a phase for contraction • Diastole is an action for relaxation • The Cardiac Cycle has Phases • Relaxation Period • Ventricular Filling • Ventricular Systole

  14. Heart Sounds • stethoscope “lubb-dupp” • Types of Sounds: • lub= closed AV valves • dub= closed SL valves • murmur= incomplete closing valves-> blood leakage Normal Heart Sound Visualization https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDg7GDpR1RE

  15. Heart Sounds Cont.

  16. Heart Sounds Cont.

  17. Regulation of Cardiac Cycle & the Heart Rate A. Autonomic Nervous System: 1. parasympathetic 2. sympathetic B. Chemicals 1. hormones tend to increase 2. ions a. calcium tends to increase b. both potassium and sodium decrease C. Age (decreases) D. Sex 1. females= increases 2. males= decreases E. Temperature F. Emotion G. Disease

  18. Types of Blood Vessels • Arteries • 3 Layers: • 1) tunica interna (intima) • 2) tunica media • 3) tunica externa (adventitia) • Arterioles • Regulates Blood Pressure: • A) Vasoconstruction (contraction) • B) Vasodilation • Capillaries • 3 Types: • 1)Continuous Capillary • 2)Fenestrated Capillary • 3)Sinusoids

  19. 3 Types of Capillaries

  20. Type of Blood Vessels Cont. • Veins • - 3 thin walled vessels • 1) tunica intima • 2)tunica media • 3)tunica externa • -Valves • Prevent backflow

  21. Hemodynamics • A. Blood Pressure • taken out by blood on the wall of blood vessel. • maximum pointduringsystole(contraction) • lowestpoint duringdiastole (relaxation). • MABP = 120 mm Hg/ 80 mm Hg B. Influence Arterial Blood Pressure 1. Heart Action-> cardiac output • Cardiac Output is affected by: • * stroke volume (SV)/ heart rate (HR) 2.. Peripheral Resistance is the opposition to blood flow • Depends on three things: · Blood viscosity · Total blood vessel length · Blood Vessel Radius

  22. Hemodynamics Cont. C. Regulation of Blood Pressure and Blood Flow: 1. Neural Regulation: 2. Hormonal Control Hormones that increase BP: ·Epinephrine ·norepinephrine ·Angiotensin II ·Aldosterone D. Checking Circulation: 1. Pulse b. found at wrist c. Normal pulse-> between 70-80 bpm Hormones that decrease BP: ·Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) ·Histamine

  23. Paths of Circulation • A. Pulmonary Circuit 1. pulmonary trunk 2. right and left pulmonary arteries 3. capillaries in lungs 4. right and left pulmonary veins • B. Systemic Circuit • 1. Arterial System • Venous System • - Superior Vena Cava • - Inferior Vena Cava

  24. Venous System

  25. FYI: Veins are parallel to the arteries FYI: Veins are parallel to the arteries

  26. Life Span Changes • When one becomes older • cholesterol begins to seep into the arteries • cardiac cells are exchanged for fibrous connective tissue and fat. • resting heart rate decreases while the blood pressure increases.

  27. Works Cited Heart Care Centre. Kenning Corporation, 9 Jan. 2007. Web. 04 Mar. 2015. <http://www.heartcarecentre.co.nz/core/node/19>. Heart Muscle. University of Illinois in Chicago, 17 May 2009. Web. 04 Mar. 2015. <https://www.uic.edu/classes/phyb/phyb516/BaranyUpdate4/Heart/Heart.html>. Ivy Rose Holistic. Ivy Rose, 9 Nov. 2003. Web. 4 Mar. 2015. <http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ivyroses.com%2FHumanBody%2FBlood%2FHeart_Structure.php>. National Career Institute. National Institutes of Health, 13 Nov. 2003. Web. 4 Mar. 2015. <http%3A%2F%2Ftraining.seer.cancer.gov%2Fanatomy%2Fcardiovascular%2Fheart%2Fstructure.html>. On X Life Technologies Inc. The American Heart Association, 23 Aug. 2005. Web. 4 Mar. 2015. <http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onxlti.com%2Fpatient-guide%2Fblood-flow-heart%2F>. Practice Learning Resources. The University of Nottingham, 5 Dec. 2007. Web. 04 Mar. 2015. <http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/NURSING/practice/resources/cardiology/function/conduction.php>.

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