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Chapter 11 Respiratory Equipment

Chapter 11 Respiratory Equipment. Function of the Respiration. 호흡의 기능 (1) 세포로의 산소의 운반 , 이산화탄소의 제거 (2) 폐순환 기능을 조절하여 산소와 이산화탄소의 분압 (arterial partial pressure) 조절 normal arterial pressure : 104mmHg, 40mmHg, 47mmHg (3) PH, temperature, fluid balance 를 조절

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Chapter 11 Respiratory Equipment

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  1. Chapter 11Respiratory Equipment

  2. Function of the Respiration 호흡의 기능 (1) 세포로의 산소의 운반, 이산화탄소의 제거 (2) 폐순환 기능을 조절하여 산소와 이산화탄소의 분압(arterial partial pressure) 조절 normal arterial pressure : 104mmHg, 40mmHg, 47mmHg (3) PH, temperature, fluid balance를 조절 PH 0-7 : acidic(산성), 7.3-7.4 : normal, 7-14 : basic(알칼리성) (4) 흡입되는 공기의 conditioning - heating - filtering : hairs, mucus, spiral anatomy - humidifying (5) Communication

  3. Regulation of the Ventilation Increased arterial pCO2 Decreased PH(산성) in CSF thalamus Central chemoreceptors in medulla (CO2, H +감지) Peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid artery & aortic body (O2, CO2, H +감지) Respiratory center in brainstem에서 Afferent impulse 감지 Respiratory muscle로 Efferent impulse 전달 midbrain pons medulla Increased ventilation pCO2 and PH return to normal 호흡시 CO2의 양이 중요 높은 긴장감, 흥분상태 교감신경에 의한 호흡수, 맥박수 증가 hyperventilation hypocapnia(저 이산화탄소증, low CO2) 산소의 감소를 위해 뇌혈관의 수축 dizzy, fainting, ischmeia(국소 빈혈)

  4. Changes in Lung Volumes following Respiration Maximum forced inspiration inspiration expiration Maximum forced expiration 폐 속에 남아있는 volume

  5. Types of Respiratory Function Tests (1) Minute ventilation tidal volume * respiratory rate (예 : 70Kg, male - 600ml * 12/min = 7200 ml/min) (2) Forced expiratory 상태에서의 테스트 - peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) : peak flow meter (pneumotachograph) - forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) - forced vital capacity (FVC) - The ratio FEV : FVC (3) 기도저항 테스트 (airway resistance) : Plethysmograph - Raw : airway resistance - Gaw : airway conductance

  6. Ventilator and Spirometer Ventilator : - 폐의 환기를 계속적 혹은 간헐적으로 보조, 조절 - 적절한 양의 산소를 공급, 약물 성분이 포함된 공기를 공급 동작원리 :automatically-timed breathing, patient-initiated breathing Spirometer Spirometer total volume : VOLmax (공급전원 : VBB) Inspiratory/expiratory volume : VOL (출력전압 : VOUT)

  7. Transducer of Pneumotachograph Air flow measurement : peak flow meter Wheatstone Bridge if

  8. Circuit for Measuring Airflow Rate and Volume Volume Flow 여기에서 airflow 와 저항 변화분의 관계가 이면,

  9. Flow of the Pneumotachograph and Voltage Output Flow through the pneumotachograph Voltage ouput of the flow Voltage output of the volume

  10. Body Plethysmograph : total lung capacity 온도가 일정한 chamber 내에서는 constant Boyle’s law 를 미분하면 최초의 압력, 용적 압력, 용적 변화분 즉, 온도가 일정할 때

  11. Body Plethysmograph : total lung capacity Valve가 잠겼을 때 mouthpiece의 pressure는 lung pressure와 동일하므로 Lung에 대해서 Chamber에 대해서 Chamber는 닫혀 있으므로 thoraxic volume의 변화는 chamber volume 변화와 동일 로 놓으면, 측정순서 환자가 chamber 안에 들어가고 mouthpiece valve 를 잠금 breathing Read and on meter 1 and 2 calculate TLC from

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