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Bibliographical Citation Styles. Abdul Waheed (Chief Librarian) Samreen Lateef (Librarian) Abid Iqbal (Librarian). Presented By.
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Abdul Waheed (Chief Librarian) Samreen Lateef (Librarian) Abid Iqbal (Librarian) Presented By
The pertinent information needed to find the full text of a publication. Citations are provided in bibliographies, indexes, and the lists of references in scholarly works. Citation formats vary according to field of study and/or requirements of particular publications (See: style guide). Citation of a book generally includes: author(s), title, publisher, date. Citation of an article in a periodical generally includes: author(s), article title, source journal title, volume, pages, and date What is Citation
A standardized system for citing materials used when writing books or papers. Citation styles are often created by professional organizations such Modern Language Association (MLA) American Psychological Association (APA) University of Chicago Press (Chicago Manual of Style). GCU Library Bibliographic Citation What are Citation Style Guides
To avoid plagiarism To credit the source with the original idea or information To lend credibility and authority to a thesis To back up ideas with credible illustrations, known facts, and accepted statistics Why Cite Sources?
Using a Consistent Format • Using a consistent format helps your reader understand your arguments and the sources they’re built on. • It also helps you keep track of your sources as you build arguments.
Where Do We Find MLA Format? • MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th ed. • Composition textbooks • www.mla.org • GCU Website http://www.gcu.edu.pk/Library/Reference.htm
WHY CITE REFERENCES WHICH SYSTEM SHOULD WE USE HARVARD SYSTEM NUMERIC SYSTEM THE BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCING DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOCUMENT
Book Book with editor(s) instead of author(s) Book with corporate author Book usually known by its title One paper from a collection in a book Journal article Conference paper (when proceedings have a named editor) Conference paper (when proceedings have no named editor or are part of a major series) Newspaper article Continue… DIFFERENT TYPES OF MATERIALS
…….Continue Thesis/dissertation Report Patent Standard Map Video and DVD Film Webpages and e-books E-journal articles (treat PDF versions of print journal articles just like print journals Continue……….
…….Continue Email discussion lists (gcumail/listserv etc) Personal emails CD-ROMs (applies to works in their own right, not bibliographic databases) Unpublished material
Text Citation for immediate reference Complete Citation in Reference List at the end Text Citation & Reference List Entry
In higher classes like MA/M.phil you learn to do research and write in a scholarly style. The purpose of scholarly writing is to document as much about a subject as possible. A style guide is a set of rules that guide you in this documentation process. When you have a problem with your paper it is good to have a helpful guide. Why Do We Have to Follow a Style Guide?
MLA Style The Modern Language Association has created a handbook Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6th ed. New York: MLA, 2003.
Books Book with a single author Book with two authors Book with a corporate author An edited book A chapter/article in an edited book Dictionary or Encyclopaedia Entry in an encyclopaedia A thesis Conference Paper Report SOURCES OF INFORMATION
SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Articles from Journals (academic/scholarly) • Print version • PDF version - subscription database • HTML fulltext version • World Wide Web version - not subscription database
SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Articles from Magazines • Popular • Trade • Interest
SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Newspaper Articles • Print version • Electronic version - subscription database • World Wide Web version • Newspaper Article with no author.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Webpages • Website • Webpage • Webpage (page author & host organization not the same)
SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Personal Communication • Email • Interview
SOURCES OF INFORMATION • DVD / Video / CD-Rom • Video/DVD • CD-Rom
SOURCES OF INFORMATION • Others • Course handout • Statutes/Acts • Standards • Patents
(Aijazuddin 121) Sample Entry for a Book (In Text) Author page number
Aijazuddin, F.S. Lahore recollected: an album. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2004. Sample Entry for a Book (In reference list) Title and subtitle Author Publishing Company City where published Publication Date
Books With Single Author
Books With two Authors
Books With Three Author
Books With more than three Author
Books Two or More Books by the Same Author
Books With Editor
Books An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword etc.
Books With Corporate Authors
Books With Translator
Books No Author
Books An Edition Other than the First
Books A Book in a Series
Books Multivolume Work
Books Anthology
Books reference book (encyclopedia)
Books reference book (dictionary)
Books SACRED TEXTS
Books SACRED TEXTS
Books book review
Books A Book Without Stated Publication Information or Pagination
Books An Unpublished Dissertation
Books A Pamphlet