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THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY

Learn the anatomical position and terminology, major body cavities, directional terms, regional terms, body planes, and sections. Understand body landmarks, quadrants, regions, and other cavities for comprehensive anatomical knowledge.

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THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY

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  1. THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY 1. Visible describe or demonstrate anatomical position 2. Use proper anatomical terminology to describe body directions, surfaces, and body planes. 3. Locate the major body cavities, list the chief organs in each cavity

  2. ANATOMICAL POSITION An initial reference point The body is erect Feet parallel Arms hanging at sides Palms facing forward Uncomfortable

  3. Directional Terms • Allow medical personnel and anatomist to explain exactly where one body structure is in relation to another. • Describe the location of the ears in relation to the nose • The ears are to the right and left of the nose • The ears are lateral to the nose

  4. Directional Terms Superior/ Inferior

  5. Directional Terms Ventral (anterior)/ Dorsal (posterior)

  6. Directional Terms Medial/ Lateral

  7. Directional Terms Proximal/ Distal

  8. Directional Terms Superficial (external)/ Deep (internal)

  9. REGIONAL TERMS Femoral: thigh Fibular: lateral part of the leg Frontal: forehead Inguinal: area where thigh meets body trunk; groin Mental: chin Nasal: nose area Oral: mouth Orbital: eye area Patellar: anterior knee Pelvic: area overlying the pelvis anteriorly Pubic: genital region Sternal: breast bone area Tarsal: ankle region Thoracic: chest Umbilical: naval Anterior Body Landmarks • Abdominal/ Umbilical: anterior body trunk inferior to the ribs • Acromial: point of the shoulder • Antebrachial: forearm • Antecubital: anterior surface • Axillary: armpit • Brachial: arm (upper) • Buccal: cheek • Carpal: wrist • Cervical: neck region • Coxal: hip • Crural: leg • Deltoid: curve of the shoulder formed by the deltoid muscle • Digital: fingers, toes

  10. REGIONAL TERMS Plantar: sole of the foot Popliteal: posterior knee area Sacral: area between the hips Scapular: shoulder blade region Sural: the posterior surface of the leg: the calf Vertebral: area of spinal column Posterior Body Landmarks • Calcaneal: heel of foot • Cephalic: head • Femoral: thigh • Gluteal: buttock • Lumbar: area of back between the ribs and hips; the loin • Occipital: Posterior surface of the head or base of the skull • Olecranal: posterior surface of the elbow

  11. REGIONAL TERMS

  12. BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS A plane is an imaginary line on the body. Sections Sagittal – a cut a long the lengthwise or longitudinal, dividing the body into right and left parts (parasagittal) Median, or Midsagittal – a cut down the median of the body that spits the body into equal right and left halves Frontal/ Coronal – a cut along a lengthwise plane that divides the body or organ into anterior or posterior parts Transverse / Cross– a cut along a horizontal plane, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

  13. BODY CAVITIES Ventral Has 2 subdivisions Separated by the diphragm Thoracic cavity lungs & heart protected by the rib cage Lungs are separated by the mediastinum Heart , trachea, visceral organs Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Stomach Liver Intestines Pelvic cavity Reproductive organs Bladder Rectum Dorsal • Has 2 subdivisions • Cranial cavity - brain • Spinal cavity - spine

  14. ABDOMINOPOELVIC CAVITY QUADRANTS • The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into 4 quadrants • RUQ – right upper quadrant • RLQ – right lower quadrant • LUQ – left upper quadrant • LLQ – left lower quadrant

  15. 9 ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS Right hypochondriac Region Right hypochondriac Region Epigastric Region • UMBILICAL Centermost region, deep to and surrounding the umbilicus (navel) • EPIGASTRIC Superior to the umbilical region • HYPOGASTRIC (PUBIC) Inferior to the umbilical region • RT. & LT. ILIAC or INGUINAL Lateral to the hypogastric region • RT. & LT. LUMBER Lateral to the umbilical region • RT. & LT. HYPOCHONDRIAC Flank the epigastric region and contain the lower ribs Left lumbar Region Right lumbar Region Umbilical Region Left Iliac (inguinal) Region Right Iliac (inguinal) Region Hypogastric Region

  16. 9 ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS

  17. Other Body Cavities • Oral & Digestive cavities • Mouth • Digestive Organs • Continuous tube from mouth to anus • Nasal Cavity • Within and posterior to the nose • Orbital Cavity • Orbits in the skull that houses the eyes and presents them in an anterior position • Middle Ear Cavity • Contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to hearing receptors in the middle ear.

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