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Study Guide

Explore key events and responses to genocides in Armenia, Holocaust, Cambodia, Bosnia, and Rwanda. Learn about the ethnic tensions, atrocities committed, and international reactions during these tragic periods of history.

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Study Guide

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  1. Study Guide Genocide Graphic organizer

  2. Armenia • Events leading to genocide • Ethnic tensions between Turks and Armenians • Turks took power of Ottoman Empire • Nationalism grew to have a Turkish state

  3. Armenia • Events of Genocide • All Armenians were given 3 days to pack up and move from Ottoman Empire • Turks forced Armenians on a march to the Syrian desert • Denied food and water on the march • Others were murdered as well

  4. Armenia • U.S. response • President Wilson said it was a civil war • Wanted to stay out of WWI, so he claimed neutrality • Most Americans agreed

  5. Armenia • International Community Response • Condemned the Young Turks and said they would be held responsible • No countries took action because they were preoccupied with WWI • There were some efforts to raise money but not enough

  6. Holocaust • Events leading to Genocide • Depression in Germany due to Treaty of Versailles • German Nationalism increased • Blaming of Jews for the problems in Germany

  7. Holocaust • Events of Genocide • Kristallnacht • Sent Jews to ghettos for confinement • Concentration camp- slave labor • Einzatsgruppen • Extermination camps with gas chambers • Death marches

  8. Holocaust • U.S. response • Ignored early signs • Allowed some Jews to immigrate to U.S. • Wanted to stay neutral from the War but eventually involved in the war effort after Pearl Harbor

  9. Holocaust • International Community Response • Most people were too involved with the war effort to do anything • Following WWII • Displaced persons camps were set up for survivors • Created the state of Israel • Genocide convention to prevent further incidents • Nuremberg Trials were held and many defendants were sentenced to prison or death

  10. Cambodia • Events leading to genocide • Prince Sihanouk was overthrown and Khmer Rouge took power • Khmer Rouge wanted to create a classless society • Citizens of cities were forced to the countryside to create an agrarian utopia

  11. Cambodia • Events of Genocide • Execution, starvation, disease, overworked • Forced labor of working long days and little work • Soldiers, civil servants, elders, intellectuals were killed

  12. Cambodia • U.S. Response • Involvement in Vietnam war led to rise of Pol Pot • Placed economic embargos against Cambodia • Focused on Cold War

  13. Cambodia • International community response • Little effort to stop the killing • Some people smuggled Cambodians to safe areas

  14. Bosnia • Events leading to Genocide • Ethnic tensions between Serbs, Muslims, Croats • Many died in massacres in early 1900’s • Marshal Tito in power and has stable government • Yugoslavia divided into ethnic states • Serbian nationalism rose when Milosevic came to power

  15. Bosnia • Events of Genocide • Serbs wanted to remove Muslim and Croats from Bosnia • Used torture, gang rape, concentration camps, and massacres

  16. Bosnia • U.S. response • With NATO launched a bombing campaign against Serbian army • Helped them to sign Dayton peace agreement • Kept UN peacekeepers in Bosnia through 1999

  17. Bosnia • International community response • Denied genocide was happening but set up 6 safe zones • Used troops and prohibited Serbian forces to fly over • Ineffective at stopping genocide • Serbs eventually took over the areas because UN forces left • Milosevic was tried for crimes against humanity

  18. Rwanda • Events leading to Genocide • Tensions between the Hutus and Tutsis • Tutsi had most of power but were smaller % of population • Received privileges from Belgium • Civil war in 1959 • Hutu president in Burudi was killed • Rwanda president and 2nd Burundi president were killed • More massacres took place

  19. Rwanda • Events of Genocide • Interhamwe(Hutu) attacked Tutsi with machetes and clubs • Radio announcements were made to say that all Tutsi needed to be killed • Attacked at churches, schools, etc

  20. Rwanda • U.S. response • Disregarded warnings • Refused to define as “genocide” • Did this so they did not have to intervene

  21. Rwanda • International Response • Condemned violence • Refused to intervene • Called “ancient ethnic hatred” • UN peacekeepers were sent to Rwanda after massacres ended • Stayed until 1996

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