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Japan. Japan “Prehistory”. Jomon Period 8000 B.C.E.- 300 B.C.E. There was a rise in population (thanks to the help of rice). People began to form groups, or “clans.”. Yamato. The Classical Period, “Early History”. Japanese culture borrowed A LOT from the Chinese culture.
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Japan “Prehistory” • Jomon Period 8000 B.C.E.- 300 B.C.E. • There was a rise in population (thanks to the help of rice). • People began to form groups, or “clans.”
The Classical Period,“Early History” • Japanese culture borrowed A LOT from the Chinese culture. • This includes their religion. • And writing system.
A Yamato prince, ShotokuTaishi, attempted to unite all clans. • He succeeded. • He went on to establish a centralized government. • Taishi’s successors continued the reforms. • Administrative districts. • New tax system.
Nara Period • Power was taken over by the Fujiwara clan. • Yamato clan was still emperors, but were influenced by Fujiwara. • Central government began to slowly lose power and influence.
Heian Period • Capital was moved from Nara to Heian (present day Kyoto). • Fujiwara was now in complete control. • Government was decentralizing. • Aristocrats began to take justice into their own hands. • They created a new military class.
Called the samurai, “those who serve.” • Think of them as the knights of Japan. • The samurai had a strict warrior code, which was called Bushido, “the way of the warrior.” • It focuses on loyalty to your lord.
Kamakura Shogunate • Constant fighting between aristocrats. • Led to civil war. • One man, MinamotoYoritomo was the most powerful. • He took control and centralized the government. • This form of government was known as shogunate. • There was one military leader in command. • This person was called shogun. • He was the true ruler of Japan.
Collapse of Central Rule • Aristocrats grew very rich and powerful. • Heads of noble families were called daimyo, “great names.” • These families would battle amongst each other. • Eventually the capital of Kyoto was destroyed.
Decline of Buddhism • Theravada • A sect that practices the original teachings of Buddha. • Saw Buddhism as a way of life, not religion. • Insisted on understanding life, to be released from “wheel of life.” • Mahayana • Sect that says nirvana could be achieved through devotion to the Buddha. • Thought Theravada practices were too strict on people. • Felt Buddha was a divine figure, not a wise man.
Spread of Islam • Islam began to expand eastward. • One major city was Ghazni, in present day Afghanistan. • They were led by Rajputs, Hindu warriors. • The Islamic empire expanded as far east as northern India. • This created a Muslim state known as Sultanate of Delhi.
Formation of New States • From 500-1500 C.E., several state began to emerge. • Many of these newer states adopted Indian or Chinese culture. • One of them being Vietnam.
Vietnam • One of the earliest states to adopt their own culture. • In 111 B.C.E, China had begun to change the people of Vietnam. • They got frustrated • “The people are like birds and beasts; they wear their hair tied up and go barefoot, while for clothing they simply cut a hole in a piece of cloth for their head or they fasten their garments on the left side. It is useless to try to change them.” – Chinese Official.
China left. • Influence did remain. • Vietnam created a new state named Dai Viet (Great Viet)
Cambodia • A smaller civilization arose in present day Cambodia. • Angkor, which was very powerful. • Was formed by Jayavarman. • Was the most powerful Civilization in SE Asia.
