1 / 23

Africa (3)

Africa (3). Mtra. Marcela Alvarez Pérez. West Africa South of the Savannah, coast of the Guinean region No large political organizations: affected by the problems of the Sudanese hegemonies Migration: permanent phenomenon of African societies Refuge in the jungle

rocio
Download Presentation

Africa (3)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Africa (3) Mtra. Marcela Alvarez Pérez

  2. West Africa • South of the Savannah, coast of the Guinean region • No large political organizations: affected by the problems of the Sudanese hegemonies • Migration: permanent phenomenon of African societies • Refuge in the jungle Between Niger River and the Coast: Yoruba, Benin and Nupe • Yoruba: only black people that tended to join in large cities • Benín: linked to the Yoruba • Nupe: Conversion to Islam, Kingdom vassal to its neighbors

  3. Kanem Bornu: • Lake Chad: encounter of caravans coming from the east and west of the Sudan • Nomads influence black peoples: political organization • Conversion to Islam : prosperity dependant on relationship to Arab world slave market • After two centuries of resistance commerce taken by Hausa States • Decadence accelerated by interruption of slavery: colonization • Hausa Sates • No attempts to unify institutions/domain al Hausa states by a common law • Balance of power: periodic war

  4. Peuls & Tekruris • Ancient Peul migrations: Sudanese region • 5 places were they establish important hegemonies: • Futa Toro • FutaDjalon • Masina and Liptako • Hausa Kingdom • Developed fiscal and administrative structure that functioned up to 1888 (colonization) • Autonomous administration under other governments/assimilation • Conversion to Islam defeat of Haussa armies Peul Emirates born • 5th establishment north of Cameroon • Adamaua: disintegrated for a while until 1901 that the British set Adama’s 4th son as Emir of the British Adamaua

  5. Important Individuals • Hamadú Sekú • Hadj Omar • Samori • Hadj Omar and Samori: not anti-colonial resistance movements

  6. East Africa • Christian kingdoms of the waterfalls • 3 Christian kingdoms of Nubia: Nobatas, Dongola & Aloa • Attempts of invasion for centuries: Christendom survives until 1317 in Dongola and 1504 in Soba • After raids from Egypt in 641 & 652: King of Dongola signs treaty that will last for 6 centuries • 1167 Saladin takes Egypt: opponents y refugees arrive at Nubia • Raids, occupation and islamization of Nubia • Crusades Christians organize their own resistance

  7. Contact between western Christendom and cataract kingdoms until 1315 • Aloa: 1500 • Reasons for their long survival: • Strong military position in the Ethiopian Highlands • Distance • Military courage of the nubian and axumite peoples • Christians linked to the Patriarch of Alexandria: compromise between Muslims and the Coptic Church • Muslim kingdoms of the region • End of 15th century : Fung & Kordofan

  8. Ethiopia • 10th to 12th centuries: Zaue Dynasty— King Lalibela (b. 13th C.) • 1210 sends embassy to Cairo, donations for convents, conversions to Christianity, moves the capital from Axum to Lalibela • 1270 New Dynasty: Solomonic restoration; new historical period written chronicles by demand • Nomad city and Emperor with a large army and church • King chosen by God, Lion of Judah—sacred • Control over succession • Nomadic to ensure authority

  9. Battles against the Muslims 1314-1429 • Religious reforms: delegation to Florence Synod (1439), embassy to Portugal • “Preste Juan”: legend of a Christian King in the East • 1487: Joao II sends emissaries directions to India; embassy established in the court of Ethiopia in 1494 • Empress Helena negotiates and asks for support against Islam • Vasco de Gama opens maritime route: mission sent in 1520-1526 • From 1527 they will fight the Muslims for 15 years • 1541: Stefano de Gama organizes expedition and expell the Muslims Portuguese will stay in the region

  10. East Coast • Known to Greek sailors • Commercial cities under the authority of different chiefs • Country of Zendj: Zanzibar (Coast of the Zendj) • Migrations, mixed with local peoples • Extension of the use of iron: • Expansion of techniques linked to population development • Use of metals in East Africa coincides with expansion of Arab population and commerce • Iron, ivory, Damascus swords, slaves

  11. Sofala, Manisa (Mombasa), Zeila (Djibuti), Maqdichu (Mogadisho) • Arab merchants settle and found commercial warehouses • Arab, Persian migrations conflicts in their place of origin • Commerce with India, Malaysia and China • 1415: African ambassadors arrive at Beijing • After 1500: Chinese policy changes and turns inwards by 1525 commercial relationships are over

  12. South Africa • Portuguese expeditions: Cape of Good Hope towards Indian Ocean • 3 civilizations south of the Equator: • Congo civilizations on the Atlantic coast • Zendj • Failed attempts to destroy/ substitute arab commerce • Monomotapa (Lord of the Mines) • Oral tradition • Between South Atlantic and Indian Ocean • Under populated regions • Prosperous cities: migration—adaptability • Ancient non-black peoples

  13. Bantu peoples, Hamites, Ethiopians • Kitwara • Kitwara: most ancient state in the region • Important ruins in the region: group of civilizations • Hegemonies of the lower Congo valley and Angola • Small hegemonies on the coast and interior • “Kingdom” of Congo: bantu people of the Bakongos, founded at the beginning of the 15th century • Manicongo: important position linked to the Portuguese • Small population, slow and pacific evolution: migrations, fusion and division of groups • Great battles and domination: arrival of fire arms and slavery

More Related