Africa

1. CHAPTER 8 Africa Section 1: Africa’s Early History Section 2: The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum Section 3: Trading States of Africa

2. Section 1: Africa’s Early History Objectives: • Identify what geographic features of Africa affected human cultures. • Describe how historians have learned about the migrations of early African peoples. • Explain the predominant patterns of life in early African societies.

3. Section 1: Africa’s Early History The Physical Setting • The plateau – savannas, tropical rain forests, jungle areas • Other natural features – Lake Chad, Lake Victoria, Mount Kenya, Mount Kilimanjaro

4. Section 1: Africa’s Early History Rediscovering the African Past • Language – Bantu • Cultural exchange – discovered through study of music, language, and plants • Other evidence – archaeological evidence

5. Section 1: Africa’s Early History Patterns of Life • Small, independent villages • Women were farmers • Ancestry was traced through mothers instead of fathers

6. Section 2: The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum Objectives: • Explain how Kush developed as an independent kingdom. • Analyze the factors that helped Aksum develop as an independent kingdom.

7. Section 2: The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum Kush Arises • Important for trade • Isolated from Egyptian rule

8. Section 2: The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum Aksum • Ivory trade, strong military • King ´Ēzānā conquered Kush, converted to Christianity

9. Section 3: Trading States of Africa Objectives: • Discuss how trade developed along the East African coast. • Explain how the kingdoms of West Africa became rich and powerful.

10. Section 3: Trading States of Africa East Africa and Great Zimbabwe • Swahili states – Kilwa was a leading port • Great Zimbabwe – gold trade

11. Section 3: Trading States of Africa West Africa • Ghana – gold-for-salt exchange • Mali – Mansa Mūsā • Songhai - trade