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Speaking to Persuade -- ethos, pathos, logos

Speaking to Persuade -- ethos, pathos, logos. Dr. Jiangbo Wan 2012-9-19. He that cannot reason is a fool. He that will not is a bigot. He that dare not is a slave.

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Speaking to Persuade -- ethos, pathos, logos

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  1. Speaking to Persuade -- ethos, pathos, logos Dr. Jiangbo Wan 2012-9-19

  2. He that cannot reason is a fool. He that will not is a bigot. He that dare not is a slave. - Andrew Carnegie

  3. Chapter Highlights Purposes to serve in public speaking Speaking to persuade - persuasion - Definition - Target audience - 3 types of issue in persuasion - 3 channels to persuade your audience - rhetoric [definition and modes of persuasion]

  4. Questions to Address What is persuasion? How do you sum up the psychology of persuasion? Who are the target audience of a persuasive speech? What is rhetoric about?

  5. Purposes to Serve when Speaking in Public Speaking to Inform; Speaking to Persuade; Speaking to Fit in Special Occasions.

  6. Purposes to Serve in Public Speaking Speaking to Inform; Speaking to Persuade; Speaking to Fit in Special Occasions.

  7. Speaking to Persuade Persuasion: The process of creating, reinforcing, changing people's beliefs or actions. -- Lucas (2010: 193)

  8. Persuasion: A mental give-and-take between speaker and listener. -- Lucas (2010: 195)

  9. Target Audience The portion of audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.

  10. 3 Types of Issue in Persuasion • Issues of fact; • Issues of value; • Issues of policy.

  11. 3 Channels to Persuade Your Audience Appeal to ethos; Appeal to logos; Appeal to pathos.

  12. ethos: code of good conduct Perception of a speaker’s competence and character: Explain competence Establish common ground Speak expressively & with conviction Follow ethical norms and values

  13. Pathos: emotional appeals Use emotional language Develop vivid examples Speak with sincerity and conviction

  14. Logos: logical appeals Evidence & reasoning

  15. Tips Make your point clear in the very beginning. Be enthusiastic with your proposal. Give supports to your point. Classify your ideas by giving signposts.

  16. About Rhetoric

  17. About Rhetoric Gorgias (c. 485 – c. 380 BC), Greek sophist, pre-socratic philosopher and rhetorician. Socrates (c. 469 BC – 399 BC), classical Greek Athenian philosopher. Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC), Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.

  18. Definition of Rhetoric Dialogue between Gorgias and Socrates Source: http://www.americanrhetoric.com/platoonrhetoric.htm (2012/9/19)

  19. Aristotle Rhetoric may be defined as the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion. - Aristotle's Rhetoric

  20. Aristotle Rhetoric may be defined as the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion. - Aristotle's Rhetoric → Compare 修辞

  21. Aristotle: Of the modes of persuasion furnished by the spoken word there are three kinds: the first kind depends on the personal character of the speaker [ethos]; the second on putting the audience into a certain frame of mind [pathos]; the third on the proof, or apparent proof, provided by the words of the speech itself [logos]. - Aristotle's Rhetoric

  22. Aristotle: There are, then, these three means of effecting persuasion. The man who is to be in command of them must, it is clear, be able: (1) to reason logically, (2) to understand human character and goodness in their various forms, and (3) to understand the emotions - that is, to name them and describe them, to know their causes and the way in which they are excited. - Aristotle's Rhetoric

  23. Aristotle: When we base the proof of a proposition on a number of similar cases, this is induction in dialectic, example in rhetoric; when it is shown that, certain propositions being true, a further and quite distinct proposition must also be true in consequence, whether invariably or usually, this is called syllogism in dialectic, enthymeme in rhetoric. - Aristotle's Rhetoric

  24. Aristotle: Example of enthymeme: 1. All people are mortal. (general statement) 2. Socrates is a person. (minor premise) 3. Therefore, Socrates is mortal. (specific conclusion)

  25. Aristotle There are three divisions of oratory: (1) political, (2) forensic, and (3) the ceremonial oratory of display. -- Aristotle's Rhetoric

  26. In-Class Exercise • Give a 3-minute persuasive speech.

  27. Bibliography • Stephen E. Lucas. APS. FLTRP. 2010. • www.americanrhetoric.com

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