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12.3 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Cornell notes

12.3 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Cornell notes. DNA-RNA-PROTEIN / what does RNA do?. NUCLEUS. CYTOPLASM. -------------. DNA. RNA. What does a scribe do? What does a translator do? What is the Central Dogma of Biology?. PROTEIN. TRANSLATION. TRANSCRIPTION. blueprints. copier.

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12.3 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Cornell notes

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  1. 12.3 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Cornell notes

  2. DNA-RNA-PROTEIN / what does RNA do? NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM ------------- DNA RNA What does a scribe do? What does a translator do? What is the Central Dogma of Biology? PROTEIN TRANSLATION TRANSCRIPTION blueprints copier

  3. TERMS TO REVIEW -gene segment of DNA contains genetic material -protein building blocks for all living things -amino acids building blocks of proteins -ribosome organelle helps manufacture protein -codon 3 base code in DNA or RNA

  4. MAIN IDEA CENTRAL DOGMA: established BELIEF of living things [foundation] transcription -DNA codes for RNA translation -RNA guides synthesis of PROTEINS

  5. MAIN IDEA TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATION http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=NJxobgkPEAo From RNA to Protein Synthesis - YouTube

  6. LET’S REVIEW What is DNA? -deoxyribonucleic acid What N-base pairs make up DNA? cytosine=guanine / adenine=thymine What happens during DNA replication? -2 new identical DNA strands

  7. RNA SIMILAR to DNA -ribonucleic acid -sugar--RIBOSE -guides protein synthesis -found in nucleus & cytoplasm -single stranded/different shapes -URACIL replaces thymine in RNA A=U / C=G

  8. RNA NUCLEOTIDES -RNA, like DNA is made of small units called… Made up of: -sugar (ribose) -phosphate group -N-bases cytosine=guanine / adenine=uracil

  9. RNA

  10. RNA [get out flip chart] 3 MAIN types of RNA mRNA -messenger RNA rRNA -ribosomal RNA tRNA -transfer RNA

  11. mRNA messenger RNA -travels from nucleus to cytoplasm -direct synthesis of a specific protein -single strand formed w/DNA template FLIP CHART PIC

  12. rRNA ribosomal RNA -cytoplasm -forms ribosomes in cytoplasm -ribbon shaped FLIP CHART PIC

  13. tRNA transfer RNA -ribosomes in cytoplasm -transfer amino acids to ribosomes -small segments of RNA nucleotides bent into cloverleaf shape FLIP CHART PIC

  14. TRANSCRIPTION 1-DNA: RNA polymerase bind to PROMOTERS 2-DNA unzips-one strand acts as template

  15. TRANSCRIPTION 3-mRNA copy is made from DNA template strand by RNA polymerase 4-mRNA copy is made until it reaches theTERMINATION(stop signal) sequence 5-mRNA strand leaves thru nuclear pores into cytoplasm to direct protein synthesis 6-5’ end of mRNA attaches to a ribosome in cytoplasm

  16. TRANSCRIPTION TEMPLATE vs NON-TEMPLATE ONLY 3’-5’ strand serves as template

  17. TRANSCRIPTION  http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a2.html animations

  18. TRANSCRIPTION/ practice processing mRNA DNA- 5’GTACTACATGCTATGCAT3’ Transcribe this DNA to mRNA mRNA-3’CAUGAUGUACGAUACGUA5’ ADD cap 3’CAUGAUGUACGAUACGUA5’ cap • -remove the introns “UGUA” and “AUAC”: mRNA- 3’ CAUGAUGUACGAUACGUA 5’ -add poly-A tail onto the 3’ end 3’ CAUGACGGUA 5’ cap Poly A tail PROCESSED m RNA

  19. THE CODE INSTRUCTIONS for PROTEIN synthesis -mRNA is shorter than DNA introns- sequences deleted, not in final mRNA exons- coding sequence remains in final mRNA 20 amino acids used to make proteins -each 3 base code is specific for an amino acid codon- 3 base code in DNA or RNA START codon- AUG-methionine STOP codon- UAA, UAG, UGA

  20. THE CODE

  21. TRANSLATION CODE is read -- TRANSLATED to make a PROTEIN

  22. TRANSLATION 1-tRNA acts as interpreters of mRNA codon 2-tRNA folds into cloverleaf shape -activated by an enzyme -middle of tRNA is 3 base coding sequence- anticodon -each anticodonis complementary to codon on mRNA

  23. TRANSLATION 3-tRNAs add amino acids as move through ribosome one codon at a time -3 base code determines protein to be made 4-translation terminates when reach STOP codon

  24. TRANSLATION

  25. TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATION

  26. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATION http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=NJxobgkPEAo From RNA to Protein Synthesis - YouTube

  27. PROTEIN PROTEIN STRUCTURE

  28. PROTEIN

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