Families of the Periodic Table

1. Families of the Periodic Table

2. The Periodic Table

3. Families of the Periodic Table:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: Name each region of the Periodic Table Name each family of the Periodic Table List at least 3 characteristics of each family of the Periodic Table

4. Periods in the Periodic Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5. Regions of the Periodic Table

6. Metals • Extra electrons • Conductive • Malleable • Dense • Shiny • Ductile

7. Metalloids • Partly conductive

8. Non-Metals • missing electrons • Non-Conductive • NOT Malleable • Dull

9. Groups in the Periodic Table Elements in groups (families) react in similar ways!

10. Hydrogen Elements Gas: Hydrogen

11. Characteristics Low density Low melting point Non-metal qualities: brittle, non-conductor, dull Reacts w/ halogens to form acids Reacts w/ oxygen to form water Hydrogen (cont.)

12. Group 1A: Alkali Metals Reaction of potassium + H2O Cutting sodium metal

13. Alkali Metals Elements Solids: Lithium Potassium Sodium Rubidium Cesium Francium

14. Characteristics Soft Dull silver color Low density Low melting point Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Reacts w/ halogens to form salts Reacts w/ water to form strong alkaline hydroxides Alkali Metals (cont.)

15. Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals Magnesium Magnesium oxide

16. Alkaline Earth Metals Elements Solids Beryllium Magnesium Calcium Strontium Barium Radium

17. Characteristics Soft Shiny silver color Low density Found naturally as a compound Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Glow different colors Reacts w/ halogens to form ionic salts Alkaline Earth Metals (cont.)

18. Transition Elements Lanthanides and Actinides (Inner Transitions) Iron in air gives iron(III) oxide

19. Transition Metals Elements Solids All “D-block” elements Atomic numbers 21-30 39-48 57, 72-80 89, 104-112

20. Characteristics High density High melting / boiling point Good catalysts Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Hard, tough & strong Silvery blue at room temperature Multiple oxidation states Transition Metals (cont.)

21. Post-Transition Metals Elements Solids Aluminum Gallium Indium Tin Thallium Lead Bismuth

22. Characteristics Relatively high density Salts Solids Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Not as reactive Opaque color Malleable Oxidation numbers +3, +4, +5 Post Transition Metals (cont.)

23. Metalloids Elements Solids Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium Polonium

24. Characteristics Some shiny Some dull Some malleable, some not Some ductile, some not Has properties of both metals and nonmetals Various oxidation numbers Metalloids (cont.)

25. Gases (Hydrogen) Nitrogen Oxygen Solids Phosphorus Sulfur Selenium Carbon Other Non-Metals

26. Characteristics Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc. High ionization energy High electronegativity Gain electrons easily Various oxidation numbers Other Non-Metals (cont.)

27. Group 7A: The Halogens (salt makers) F, Cl, Br, I, At

28. Solids Iodine Astatine Liquids Bromine Gases Fluorine Chlorine Halogens

29. Halogens (cont.) • Characteristics • Only group in all 3 states of matter • Highly reactive w/ alkali metals & alkaline earth metals • High electronegativity • Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc.

30. Noble (inert) Gases Group #8 atoms • P shell full • Very non-reactive • VERY happy

31. XeOF4 Group 8A: The Noble (Inert) GasesHe, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn • Lighter than air balloons • “Neon” signs • Very Unreactive because they have full electron levels

32. Noble Gases Elements Gases Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon

33. Noble Gases (cont.) • Characteristics • Non-reactive • Odorless • Tasteless • Colorless • Nonflammable Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc.

34. Inner Transition Metals Elements Solids All “F-block” elements Atomic numbers 58-71 90-103

35. Characteristics Most are manmade High melting points Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Reactivity varies Usually bonded to non-metals AKA: lanthanides & actinides Inner Transition Metals (cont.)

36. New Elements Elements Atomic numbers 113 and on

37. Characteristics All are manmade Some will have metal qualities: shiny, good conductor, malleable, ductile Some will have non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc. Some will have qualities of both New Elements

38. Families of the Periodic Table:Let’s see if you can: Name each region of the Periodic Table Name each family of the Periodic Table List at least 3 characteristics of each family of the Periodic Table

39. Which pair of elements is MOST similar? Ca and F Na and Cl Ne and Ar Li and H

40. Copper is an element that is used in electrical wires. What is the smallest unit of copper that still maintains the characteristics of copper? the atom the electron the nucleus the proton

41. The picture below shows three objects that can be classified in the same group. Which of the following statements is true for all three of these objects? They are metals. They rust rapidly. They weigh the same. They are the same color.