1 / 20

Expansion and Exploration in the 16 th Century

Expansion and Exploration in the 16 th Century. I. Exploration A. Causes 1. Renaissance: new studies – mathematics / literature 2. New Monarchs: strong centralized states finance exploration 3. New Technology

sveta
Download Presentation

Expansion and Exploration in the 16 th Century

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Expansion and Exploration in the 16th Century

  2. I. Exploration A. Causes 1. Renaissance: new studies – mathematics / literature 2. New Monarchs: strong centralized states finance exploration 3. New Technology 4. Fall of Constantinople in 1453 – new route to Asia B. Motivation 1. Material profit 2. Growing Population 3. Religious zeal – Jesuits 4. Commercial Trade

  3. Overseas Exploration & Conquest: 15th & 16th Centuries

  4. C. Portugal 1. Prince Henry the Navigator a. University - Portolans b. Cueta & Timbuktu (Gold Coast) 2. Bartholomew Dias – Cape of Good Hope 3. Vasco da Gama - India 4. Pedro Cabral - Brazil 5. Amerigo Vespucci – North America

  5. D. Spain 1. Ferdinand & Isabella 2. Christopher Columbus - Hispaniola 3.Ferdinand Magellan - Circumnavigation

  6. E. Technology 1. Compass 2. Astrolabe 3. Nocturnal 4. Caravel Ship a. Lateen Sail b. Cannon 5. Cartography (maps)

  7. Mercator’s Map, ca. 1575

  8. Waldseemuller’s World Map, 1507

  9. F. Spanish Conquest 1. Hernando Cortès: Aztecs 2. Francisco Pizzaro: Incas*

  10. 3. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) -- Pope Leo VI

  11. G. Spanish Colonies 1. Mestizos 2. Hacienda system 3. Ecomienda system H. Columbian Exchange 1. Biosocial a. exchange of plant, animal, disease b. cultural & economic impact

  12. I. Results of Contact 1. Native Americans a. 90% dead by 1600 b. European cultural imports 2. For Europeans a. Revolution in Diet b. Rise of global empires c. Rise of capitalism

  13. The African Slave Trade

  14. II. Commercial Revolution (ca. 1500-1700) A. Significance: 1. Spurred age of discovery & exploration 2. Rise of capitalism 3. Rise of the middle class (bourgeoisie) B. Causes: 1. Population growth: 70 million in 1500; 90 million in1600 2. “price revolution”: (long slow upward trend); increased food prices, increased volume of $, influx of gold & silver

  15. C. Rise in capitalism (laissez-faire): 1. Entrepreneurs; bourgeoisie at the forefront 2. Banking: Fuggers, Antwerp in 16th c., Amsterdam in 17th c. 3. Chartered companies: state provided monopolies in certain areas (BEIC, DEIC) 4. joint-stock companies: investors pooled resources for common purpose (forerunner of modern corporation) 5. stock markets: e.g., Bourse in Germany 6. Enclosure movement; “Putting-out” Industry

  16. 7. New industries: cloth production, mining, printing, book trade, shipbuilding, cannons & muskets 8. Consumer goods: rice, sugar, tea 9. Mercantilism: nations sought self-sufficient economy; “bullionism”

  17. D. Witch Hunts (70,000-100,000 people killed between 1400 and 1700) 1. Popular belief in magic a. “cunning folk” b. Claims to power often by the elderly or impoverished, and especially women 2. Church: powers come from either God or the Devil a. Used witch hunts to gain control over village life in rural areas.

  18. 3. Women: 80% of victims (“weaker vessels”) a. Most between 45 and 60; single b. Misogyny? c. Involvement in midwifery 4. Religious wars and divisions created a panic environment; scapegoating -- Leaders tried to gain loyalty of their people; appeared to be protecting them

  19. 5. End of witch hunts a. Scientific Revolution b. Advances in medicine; insurance companies c. Trials became chaotic; accusers could be accused d. Protestant Reformation

More Related