ANTONYMS…

1. ANTONYMS… ANOTHER VIEW …

2. A NEW Concept… • The view that say antonym is the oppositeness of meaning is not totally adequate because some words have no real oppositeness. • Example : • Hot is not the opposite of cold • Borrow is not the opposite of lend

3. Four types of antonyms… • 1. Binary antonym • They are predicates which come in pairs and between them exhaust all the relevant possibilities. • If the one predicate is applicable, then the other cannot be • Example: • True x false • If a sentence is true, it cant be false • Alive x dead • If someone is alive, he / she cant be dead

4. 2. Converse • If a predicate describes a relationship between two things (people) and some other predicate describe the same relationship when the two things (people) are mentioned in the opposite order • Example: • Parent and Child • X is the parent of Y describes the same situation as Y is the child of X • Below x Above • X is below Y describes the same situation as Y is above X

5. 3. Gradable Antonym • Two predicates are gradable antonyms if they are at opposite ends of a continuous scale of values. • Example: • Hot and Cold • Between hot and cold is continuous scales of values ; warm, cool • Young and Old • Between young and old is continuous scales of values ; teenagers, adult

6. 4. Contradictory • A proposition is a contradictory of another proposition if it is impossible for them both to be true at the same and of the same circumstances. • Example: • 1. This beetle is alive is a contradictory of this beetle is dead. • 2. Brutus killed Caesar is a contradictory of Caesar killed Brutus

7. Now, find 3 examples of each type of antonyms and give explanation !