Brigade Support Battalion CSS Leader Teach

1. Brigade Support BattalionCSS Leader Teach

2. CSS Overview Sustaining Operations

3. References Modular Force References • FMI 4-90.1, Heavy Brigade Combat Team Logistics, 15 March 2005 • FMI 3-90.6, Heavy Brigade Combat Team, 15 March 2005 • FM 4-93.2, The Sustainment Brigade, April 2006 • Sustaining the Modular Force, Draft 17 June 2005 Army of Excellence Force References • CSS Battle Book, July 2003 • Support Operations Handbook, July 2004 • FM 3-0, Operations, 14 June 2001 • FM 3-06, Urban Operations, 1 June 2003 • FM 3-07, Stability Operations and Support Operations, 20 February 2003 • FM 3-90.2 (FM 71-2) Chapter 7, The Tank and Mechanized Infantry Battalion Task Force, 11 June 2003 • FM 4-0 (100-10), Combat Service Support, 29 August 2003 • FM 4-93.4, Theater Support Command, 15 April 2003

4. References (Continued) • FM 54-30, Corps Support Group, 17 June 1993 • FM 63-2, Division Support Command, 20 May 1991 • FM 63-3, Corps Support Command, 30 September 1993 • FM 71-123, Chapter 8, Tactics and Techniques for Combined Arms Heavy Forces: Armored Brigade, Battalion Task Force, and Company Team, 30 September 1992 Additional references include the new 4-0 series FMs in coordinating draft versions • FM 4-20/10-1, Quartermaster Principles, 11 August 1994 • FM 4-01.40/55-30, Army Motor Transport Units and Operations, 27 June 1997

5. AMC Army Material Command AO Area of Operations APOD Aerial Port of Deparkation AOR Area of Responsibility ARFOR Army Forces AFSB Army Field Support Brigade AHRS Army Human Resource System ASAS-L All Source Analysis System-Light BAS Battalion Aid Station BCS3 Battle Command Sustainment Support System BFT Blue Force Tracker BMO Battalion Motor Officer BSA Brigade Support Area BSB Brigade Support Battalion BTB Brigade Troops Battalion C2 Command and Control CAB Combined Arms Battalion CABSA Combined Arms Battalion Support Area CAISI Combat Service Support Automated Information System Interface -BM Bridge Module -CL Client Module CENTCOM Central Command COCOM Combatant Commander CROP Container Roll-in Roll-out Platform CSS Combat Service Support CSSB Combat Sustainment Support Battalion Acronyms

6. CTASC Corps Theater Automated Service Center CTCP Combat Trains Command Post DLA Defense Logistics Agency ESC Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) FBCB2 Force XXI Battle Command, Brigade and Below FLOT Forward Line of Own Troops FHP Force Health Protection FLB Forward Logistical Base FLE Forward Logistical Element FSC Forward Support Company HRSC Human Resources Support Center HSS Health Service Support ILAP Intragrated Logistics Analysis Program ISB Intermediate Staging Base IAW In Accordance With ITV In transit Visibility JOA Joint Area of Operations JFC Joint Forces Command LOC Lines of Communication LOGPAC Logistics Package LRP Logistics Release Point MCB Movement Control Battalion MSO Mission Staging Operations MTS Movement Tracking System OIF Operation Iraqi Freedom OPCON Operational Control PLS Palletized Load System Acronyms

7. PLS Palletized Load System PBUSE Property Book Unit Supply- Enhanced RO Replenishment Operations RSOI Reception Staging Onward Movement and Intragration RCC Regional Combatant Commander RFID Radio Frequency Identification SAAS-MOD Standard Army Ammunition System- Modernized SAMS Standard Army Maintenance System SARSS Standard Army Retail Supply System SDDC Surface Deployment and Distribution Command SP Supply Point SPO Support Operations Officer- SPOD Sea Port of Deparkation STB Special Troops Battalion SUS Bde Sustainment Brigade TACON Tactical Control TASMG Theater Aviation Sustainment Maintenance Group TAV Total Asset Visibility TCAM TAMMIS CustomerAssistance Module TMIP Theater Medical Information Program TSC Sustainment Command (Theater) Acronyms

8. Acronyms UD Unit Distribution UMCP Unit Maintenance Collection Point USFK United States Forces in Korea USTC United States Transportation Command VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal

9. Outline • CSS Functions • Levels of War • BCT Logistics Principles and CSS Characteristics • CSS Organizations • Concepts and Techniques • Task Force Trains • Replenishment Operations • CSS Planners and Managers • Logistics Enablers • Sustaining Offensive, Defensive, Stability and Reconstitution and Civil Support Operations

10. Supply Field Services Maintenance Transportation Health Service Support (NOTE: Referred to as Force Health Protection at the HBCT level) Religious Support Legal Support Explosive Ordnance Disposal Support Band Support Financial Management Operations Human Resource Support Combat Service Support Functions CSS includes the essential capabilities, functions, activities, and tasks necessary to sustain all elements of operating forces in theater at all levels of war. The 11 CSS functions include:

11. CSS Levels of War • Strategic Level - National-Strategic - Theater-Strategic • Operational Level • Tactical Level

12. Operational Level of CSS • Links the strategic and tactical levels • Support personnel at this level coordinate support from the strategic level to meet the needs at the tactical level • Includes the support required to conduct campaigns, major operations, and other operations within the AO

13. Operational Level of CSS • Focuses on: • RSO&I (reception, staging, onward movement, and integration) • Materiel management, movement control, and distribution management • Allocation and management and redeployment of units and Soldiers • Sustainment of theater stocks supporting the supply system • Planning, coordinating, managing, and supervising CSS activities • LOCs to tactical units • Ground and Air

14. Tactical Level of CSS • Includes all functions necessary to support the conduct of battles and engagements • Provides key CSS functions necessary to meet the commander’s intent and concept of operations • Provides the most immediate level of CSS “Where the rubber meets the road.”

15. Tactical Level of CSS • Focuses on: • Supporting the commander’s intent and concept of operation to maximize his freedom of action • Providing the right support at the right time • Providing four key CSS functions: • Supply • Maintenance • Transportation • Health Service Support

16. Brigade Combat Team Logistics Principles • Dedicated logistics operator • Increased velocity with reduced order-to-receipt time • Situational understanding achieved with the assistance of a logistics common operating picture (LCOP) • An agile logistics system

17. Logistics Principles (1 of 2) • Dedicated logistics operator • Incorporates unity of command • Single point of contact • Centralizes distribution • Increased velocity with reduced order-to-receipt time • Time required for the customer to get supplies • Effective command and control • Throughput distribution

18. Logistics Principles (2 of 2) • Situational understanding achieved with the assistance of a common operating picture (LCOP) • Friendly situation (FBCB2, BFT) • Enemy situation (FBCB2, ASAS-L) • Logistics situation (BCS3, MTS, STAMIS) • An agile logistics system • Surge support • Paint a picture • Flexibility to anticipate change

19. Responsiveness Economy Simplicity Flexibility Integration Attainability Sustainability Survivability Eight Characteristics of Combat Service Support

20. CSS Characteristics 1. Responsiveness • The key characteristic of CSS • The right support in the right place at the right time • Meet changing requirements on short notice • Tailor assets to meet changing priorities • Requires visibility of all available assets • Critical anticipation of requirements • Ability to foresee future operations 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours out • Identify and accumulate the minimum assets to meet support requirements • Ensure CSS capabilities are versatile • Estimate predictions of potential future operations

21. CSS Characteristics 2. Economy • Most efficient support to accomplish the mission • Resources are always limited • Reflects the reality of resource shortfalls • Requires prioritizing and allocation of resources by the commander • Avoid duplication of effort when possible 3. Simplicity • Avoids complexity in both planning and execution • Mission orders, drills, rehearsals, and SOPs

22. CSS Characteristics 4. Flexibility • Ability to adapt CSS structures and procedures to changing situations, missions, and concepts of operations • May require improvisation • Necessary to provide continuous support, since established procedures may not provide needed support • Requires a willingness to devise new procedures and the talent to make, invent, arrange, or fabricate what is needed out of what is at hand

23. CSS Characteristics 5. Integration • CSS plan is synchronized with all aspects of the concept of operations • Requires a thorough understanding of the commander's intent • Uses support from joint, multinational, or interagency CSS organizations 6. Attainability • Generating the minimum supplies and services necessary to begin operations • Determined by the commander and requires close coordination between operations and logistics planners

24. CSS Characteristics 7. Sustainability • The ability to maintain continuous support during all phases of the campaign or operation • Anticipation of requirements over time and synchronizing delivery of sustainment stocks throughout the operation • Perform roles to attain minimum combat power, then provide additional resources to sustain long-term operations 8. Survivability • The ability to shield support functions from destruction or degradation • Robust and redundant support contributes to survivability, but may run counter to economy

25. Multifunctional and Functional CSS Units Multifunctional: A CSS unit organized to perform two or more different CSS functions. They are found at both the Corps and Division levels. e.g. Brigade Support Battalion, Sustainment Brigade, and Forward Support Company Functional: The unit is organized to perform one specific logistics function in nature. Found at the Corps level. e.g. Water Supply Battalion and Petroleum Supply Battalion

26. Desert Shield - 1990 Civil War - circa 1860 Operational Reach and Sustainability • The distance and duration we can successfully employ our military capabilities • Reflects the operating ranges of combat and supporting forces • If operational reach is exceeded, a culminating point occurs

27. Operational Reach and Sustainability Operational reach is the distance over which military power can be employed decisively. Sustainability relates to the ability of the force to conduct operations over time. • Two fundamental factors affect operational reach: • Support: level, source, locations, and resources • Materiel: stocks on hand and resupply availability • Extending operational reach • Adjust support and/or materiel factors • Secure lines of communication (LOC) forward • Reposition distribution systems • Use intermediate/theater staging bases (ISB/TSB)

28. Command Relationships

29. Support Relationships Note: Commanders of units in DS may further assign support relationships between their subordinate units and elements of the supported unit after coordination with the supported commander.

30. X SUS MP/Security MP/Security Chemical Engineer Armed Recon X Corps DIV BCT MODULAR FORCE Logistics Signal Joint Fires Fires Intelligence a Combined Arms Combined Arms Close Air Support CBT SPT Brigade FIRES Brigade CBT AVN Brigade BFS Brigade SUST Brigade Modularity is happening now. However, we have to change not only unit designs, but Army concepts of operations and logistics support.

31. What is Different…What is Changing OPERATIONS LOGISTICS XXXX XXX Army TSC X 5 X 5 Corps/ Army TSC X 5* X 5 XXX XX ESC Corps COSCOM X 11 X 4 X 4 Div SUS X 21 X 35 XX X Div DISCOM CSG/ASG X 18 X 46 Bde BSB X 104 X 82 X II Bde FSB X 77 X 77 • Sust in the Support Bdes • Combat Support Bde (ME) • Battlefield Surveillance Bde • Fires Bde • Combat Aviation Bde Note: Includes all Active and Reserve Components * 4-TSC and 1-ASC

32. Sust Bde Functional Modules TSC Design Philosophy • Single Army Log HQs for Corps, JFC, or RCC • Regionally focused; globally employable • End to end distribution (2 way) • Joint capable; provides Log C2 for multiple JOAs + + TSC • Log C2 for expeditionary opns for Corps, JFC, or RCC • Regionally focused; globally employable • Early entry capability • Multifunctional control of sustainment operations ESC ESC ESC • Multifunctional and functional Log capabilities • Globally employable • Early entry capability • Multifunctional execution of sustainment operations HRSC FIN MGT CTR AFSB TASMG TSC – Sustainment Command (Theater) ESC – Sustainment Command (Expeditionary) AFSB – Army Field Support Brigade TASMG – Theater Aviation Sustainment Maintenance Group Fin Mgt Ctr – Financial Management Center HRSC – Human Resources Support Center

33. Sustainment Brigade Capabilities • Theater Opening • Capable of establishing and managing initial theater opening operations to include RSOI functions and establishing the theater base. • Theater Distribution • Distributes to and retrogrades from maneuver BCTs and other support brigades operating in the theater/JAO. • Sustainment Operations • Provides supplies, field services, field and selected sustainment level maintenance, recovery, and field feeding for itself and its assigned subordinates. Balad BIAP Ground or Intra-Theater Air (C130/Sherpa) 4ID 1AD Arifjan Camps APOD SPOD

34. Modular Sustainment Bde SUS Assigned Attached BTB CSSB MED BDE CSSB CSSB CSSB CSSB CSSB HHC CSSB Assigned Attached HHC SIG FIN HR AMMO TRANS MAINT S&S Mission: Plan, coordinate, synchronize, monitor, and control logistics operations within assigned AO. Coordinates Host Nation Support (HNS) and contracting. Provide support to joint, interagency, and multinational forces as directed.

35. SUS BDE/CSSB/Company level The point is that Sustainment Brigades, Combat Service Support Battalions, and these functional companies are all plug and play.

36. FSC (ARS) FSC (MNV) .. .. ... ... FSC (FIRES) HQ FIELD FEEDING DISTRO MAINT .. .. HQS MCS/HQS FSC (MNV) FSC (MNV) .. .. GEN SUPPLY MAINT SECTION .. .. WATER RECOV SECT .. .. CL V ARMOR FMT .. MECH FMT .. ENGR FMT Heavy Brigade Combat Team(Organic Log Support) X 3:1 tooth to tail! 3700 BTB BSB 1146 (406) 132 HHC 81 143 Distro 171 137 Maint Mission: The FSC is a multi-functional company assigned to the BSB and may be OPCONed to a supported battalion. The FSC provides field maintenance and all classes of supply (minus Class VIII). 77 230 (x2) Med 77

37. X FIRES BSB Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Rocket/Missile Rocket/Missile Rocket/Missile Mission: Plan, conduct, and assess combined arms operations to provide close support, shaping and mobile strike operations against HPTs and TSTs for JFC, UE, Brigade UAs and Support UAs employing joint and organic fires and capabilities to achieve distributive effects in support of commanders’ operational and tactical objectives.   X MF I U HHC ASB GS ATK ASLT Mission: Plan, coordinate, and execute aviation and combined arms operations to support JFC, Division/Corps, and brigade units of action operational and tactical objectives. Conduct shaping and shielding; close combat support; mobile strike; air assault; recon/security; aerial sustainment; BCOTM; and A2C2 to find, fix, and destroy enemy forces. X X BfSB CBT SPT (ME) I I I II I I II HHC MI LRSD FSC MI Mission: Conducts Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Intelligence operations to enable the Division/Corps, JTF, or Joint Force Commander to focus joint combat power and effects with precision to simultaneously support current and future operations throughout the Area of Operation. Mission: Detects, assesses, warns, prevents or mitigates hostile actions throughout a parent HQ’s assigned area of operations or within a specified area to preserve personnel, resources, facilities, and critical information, or freedom of action; coordinates and synchronizes offensive and defensive protection measures to enable the effective employment of Joint forces, while degrading enemy opportunities. Supports other units with Engineer, Chemical, Air and Missile Defense, Military Police, EOD, and Civil Affairs capabilities as needed. II III II II II II BSB EN MP CM CA AMD Other Brigades X SUST II II II II II CSSB CSSB CSSB CSSB CSSB BTB Mission: Plan, coordinate, synchronize, monitor, and control within assigned AO. Conduct reconstitution operations. Conduct Host Nation Support (HNS) and contracting. Provide support to joint, interagency, and multinational as directed. ROC BTB

38. Modular Logistics Relationship Chart (BDE and Below) 1 – Addresses what unit the FSC is assigned to. 2 – Addresses what relationship an FSC has to the BSB. 3 – Defines the likely command or support relationship that may exist between the FSC and the unit it supports. 4 – The SBCT task organizes support packages into forward logistics elements (FLEs). 5 – ‘Supported’ means that the BSB provides sustainment support to the FSC and its parent, but no formal relationship exists. 6 – The CAB has an ASB and aviation support companies (ASCs). 7 – Engineers battalions have FSCs, but MP and chemical battalions do not.

39. Basic Support Concepts & Techniques • Distribution Based Logistics • Forward Logistics Element/Base (FLE/FLB) • Movement Techniques • Task Force Trains Concept • Replenishment/Resupply Methods • Logistics Package (LOGPAC) Operations • Logistics Release Point (LRP)

40. Logistics Transformation Mass-Based Distribution Based Sense and Respond BSB • More is better • Mountains of stuff measured in days of supply • Uses massive inventory to hedge against uncertainty in demand and supply • Mass begets mass and slows everything down • Precision is better • Reduce Inventory to a minimum and keep moving • Use precise demand prediction and optimization to reduce uncertainty • Works great, except when it doesn’t • Agile is better • Dynamically positioned Inventory throughout • Use transportation flexibility and robust IT to handle uncertainty • Supports adaptive operations Prime Metric: Days of supply Prime Metric: Flow Time Prime Metric: Effects

41. Distribution Based Logistics • Relates to the CSS pipeline activities of receiving, sending, and moving resources • Involves supply and transportation functions • Requires synchronization through all levels • The challenge is meshing materiel and movement through all levels to create a seamless system as well as providing total asset visibility Distribution based Logistics… “The CSS Pipeline”

42. X X SUST SUST II BSB Modular Battlefield Structure XX TSC Corps DIV Sustainment Base II I FSC II BSB II II BTB II I I FSC BSB II FSC II I • Modularity Support Concept • - Modular Units/Capability • Throughput of supplies to BSB • Unit distribution of supplies within the BCT (BSB to FSC) FSC

43. BSB Movement Techniques • Movement of BSB within the HBCT formation • Critical logistics assets provide DS to combat units • Support from BSA/displace as an entity • BSA echelonment/displacement by bounds

44. BTB BSB Movement of BSB within the HBCT Formation • Likelihood of enemy contact is minimal • Logistics demands on the BSB are expected to be light • Subordinate battalions will use organic assets and basic loads • Sufficient time is anticipated for the BSB to set up prior to mission execution • “Tailgate Support” • BSB typically travels at the rear of the brigade’s formation with the brigade troops

45. BSB Attachment of Critical CSS Assets • Most responsive method • Operational distances are significant and secure ground and/or air LOCs cannot be established or maintained • Normally only critical classes of supply • “Tuck Up Packages” • “35MM” Class III(B) and V, Maintenance, and FHP assets • Increases the maneuver unit’s CSS capabilities • Increases vulnerability and reduces mobility of the BSB CSS CSS

46. BSB Displace as an Entity • Brigade operations conducted in clearly defined phases with identifiable windows between operations • Allows BSB to support from a mature logistical base • Enhances C2 of the BSB • Provides a single point for DS activities • Creates a “logistical blackout” of support during the BSB’s move if a FLE is not established BSA BSA LD LD

47. BSB Forward Logistics Elements and Bases (FLE/FLB) • FLE: The equipment, personnel, and supplies that are echeloned to a forward location to provide continuous support during fast moving operations • FLB: Refers to the geographic area on the ground • May be occupied by the FLE • Often becomes the location of the new BSA • Typically under control of the SPO • An example of displacement by echelon/bounds movement technique • It is critical to have a save plan (emergency rearward displacement of critical logistical assets) FLB FLB FLE

48. BSB BSB BSB (-) (-) BSA Echelonment/Displace by Bounds • Operations requiring continuous support • Critical CSS assets are divided • BSB commander moves with forward element • Provides more responsive support by minimizing the distance the BSB must travel to issue supplies • Enhances survivability of CSS assets • Degrades C2 of BSB operations BSA BSA BSA BSA BSA

49. Task Force Trains Concept • Centralized Trains: Used in assembly areas and during extended tactical marches. Provides the most immediate support to their parent battalion. • Echeloned Trains: Preferred method of employing organic assets during tactical operations. Consists of company trains, battalion combat trains, and the CABSA trains, with the composition varying according to METT-TC.

50. HHC FSC Company Trains • Located in the maneuver company’s rear area • Consists of: • Medical Evacuation Team (with up to 2-M113 ambulances) • Field Maintenance Teams • Under control of the company First Sergeant • Establishes priority of work for the maintenance team • Coordinates casualty evacuation for the company • The First Sergeant coordinates resupply with the S4 located in the battalion’s combat trains • Within ½ to 1km of the FLOT (1 terrain feature back) FLOT Medic(s) / Ambulance FMT I II