1 / 9

Computer Architecture CST 250

Computer Architecture CST 250. Microprocessor Registers Prepared by:Omar Hirzallah. Contents. General Purpose Registers Index Registers Segment Registers Special Registers Programming Languages. The Registers in CPU.

roos
Download Presentation

Computer Architecture CST 250

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Computer ArchitectureCST 250 Microprocessor Registers Prepared by:Omar Hirzallah

  2. Contents • General Purpose Registers • Index Registers • Segment Registers • Special Registers • Programming Languages

  3. The Registers in CPU Processor uses a very high speed small in size memory device during data processing which are called registers C.P.U Registers Segment Registers General Purpose Registers Index Registers Special Registers • Accumulator • Base • Count • Data • Stack Pointer • Base Pointer • Source Index • Destination Index • Code Segment • Data Segment • Stack Segment • Extra Segment • Instructions Pointer • Flags Register

  4. General Purpose Registers: Accumulator (AH, AL, AX, EAX): It accumulates the results from mathematical calculations and can be used for data movement. AH 8 bits, AL 8 bits, AX 16 bits, EAX 32 bits Base (BH,BL,BX, EBX):It points to memory locations and it can be used for data movement and arithmetic. (Points to data in the Data Segment) BH 8 bits, BL 8 bits, BX 16 bits, EBX 32 bits Count (CH, CL, CX, ECX): This counter is used typically for loops. It can be automatically incremented or decremented. CH 8 bits, CL 8 bits, CX 16 bits, ECX 32 bits Data (DH,DL, DX, EDX): It is used in calculations. It is also used significantly for multiply / divide operation. DH 8 bits, DL 8 bits, DX 16 bits, EDX 32 bits

  5. C.P.U Registers

  6. INDEX REGISTERS: Stack Pointer (SP, ESP): It points to the location of the stack (points to the end of the stack). SP 16 bits, ESP 32 bits Base Pointer (BP, EBP): It is also used to point inside the stack. It is used to access the sub routine data. BP 16 bits, EBP 32 bits Source Index (SI, ESI): It is used for string operations (points to the source). SI 16 bits, ESI 32 bits Destination Index Register (DI, EDI): It is used for string operations (points to the destination). DI 16 bits, EDI 32 bits

  7. SEGMENT REGISTERS (ALL 16 bits) • Code Segment (CS):It points to the memory area where program's instructions are stored. • Data Segment (DS):It points to the memory area where program's data is stored. • Stack Segment (SS):It points to the memory area where stack is stored. • Extra Segment (ES): It can be used to point to additional data segments, if necessary.

  8. SPECIALREGISTERS: • SPECIAL REGISTERS: • Instruction Pointer (IP, EIP): It points to the next instruction that the processor is going to execute. (also called program counter) • Flags Register (Flag, Eflag): It contains individual bits set by different operations. • CF  Carry • OF  Overflow • ZF  Zero • SF  Sign

  9. Programming Languages: There are basically two types of programming languages: • High Level Languages (Pascal, Basic, Cobol, C, Fortran etc.) • Low Level Languages (Assembly) Each processor has a set of assembly instructions called “Instruction Set”. CISC stands for Complex Instructions Set Computers RISC stands for Reduced Instructions Set Computers Assembly Language Assembler Machine Language

More Related