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Endocrine System

Explore the intricate network of hormone-secreting organs like the Pineal Gland, Thyroid, Adrenal Glands, and more. Learn about feedback mechanisms, adrenal hormones, sex hormones, and the regulation of blood glucose levels.

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Endocrine System

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  1. Endocrine System Marie Černá

  2. Regulatory systems • Nervous system • Endocrine system

  3. Glands • Endocrine – hormone-secreting organs, secrete their chemical messengers directly into body fluids (blood) • Exocrine – enzyme/mucus-secreting organs, secrete their chemical messengers into ducts that convey the products to the appropriate locations

  4. Endocrine glands 1. Pineal gland 2. Hypothalamus + Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland + Parathyroidglands 4. Thymus 5. Adrenal glands 6. Pancreas 7. Ovary (female) 8. Testis (male)

  5. Feedback inhibition

  6. Pineal gland

  7. Anterior pituitary

  8. Posterior pituitary

  9. Thyroid gland

  10. Thyroid gland • Follicular cells – thyroxine • Parafollicular c-cells - calcitonin

  11. Thyroid gland

  12. T4 TetraiodothyronineT3 Triiodothyronine

  13. Parathyroid glands

  14. Homeostasis:Blood calcium level

  15. Thyroid feedback

  16. Adrenal glands

  17. Adrenal glands Medulla: adrenalin (epinephrine) + noradrenalin (norepinephrine) Cortex: z. reticularis – DHA dehydroepiandrosterone z. fasciculata – cortisol (glucocorticoids) z. glomerulosa – aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)

  18. Adrenal medulla

  19. Catecholamines

  20. Synthesis of catecholamines

  21. Adrenal cortex

  22. Steroids hormones

  23. Sex hormones (steroids) Adrenal cortex Testes Androgens Ovaries Estrogens Progesterone

  24. Sex hormones in female

  25. Sex hormones in male

  26. Pancreas

  27. Pancreas Langerhans islets • Alpha cells → glucagon • Beta cells →insulin

  28. Pancreas

  29. Circadian rhythms of blood glucose and insulin

  30. Homeostasis:Blood glucose level • ↑ blood glucose level Glucagon Glucocorticoids Catecholamines • ↓ blood glucose level Insulin

  31. Thymus

  32. Thymus

  33. Literature Biology, eighth edition, Campbell, Reece Unit seven: Animal Form and Function Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System Pages 975 – 996

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