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Land Navigation Essentials: Azimuth, Bearing, and Back Azimuth

Learn how to measure and describe directions between two points using concepts like Azimuth, Bearing, and Back Azimuth. Understand the differences between True North, Magnetic North, and Grid North for effective land navigation.

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Land Navigation Essentials: Azimuth, Bearing, and Back Azimuth

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  1. Turn in Lab 2 • Put your name, section, and perm number on your answer sheet.

  2. Lab 3: Land Navigation (1) Yingjie Hu

  3. Three North • True North (N) • Magnetic North (MN) • Grid North (GN)

  4. How to measure the direction between two points? • Azimuth • Back azimuth • Bearing • Back bearing

  5. How to describe the direction between two points? • Read the part 2 of the instruction file, and figure out what are the definitions of the four concepts. (5 minutes) B A

  6. Azimuth • The direction of two points referring to the North. • Magnetic Azimuth • True Azimuth North Azimuth A B

  7. Back Azimuth • If forward azimuth is more than 180, back azimuth equals forward azimuth subtract 180 • If forward azimuth is less than 180, back azimuth equals forward azimuth plus 180 • When azimuth = 30, back azimuth? • When azimuth = 220?

  8. Bearing • Another way to describe the direction of two points. • Baseline (N or S) • Angle between the baseline and direction • Direction of travel • E.g. N30W, S18E…

  9. Bearing North Azimuth = 120, how about its bearing? E W A S60E B S

  10. Back bearing • Bearing can be calculated from azimuth • Back bearing can be calculated from back azimuth • When azimuth = 30, how about back azimuth, bearing, and back bearing?

  11. Compass

  12. Compass The magnetic needle always points at magnetic north, not the true north

  13. How to measure azimuth on a map? • Orient the map (make the magnetic north of the map in accordance with the magnetic north of the real world) • Identify the direction between two points. • Use compass to measure the azimuth

  14. Assignment • This is a two-week lab. You only need to finish part1 to part 3 this week. And you do not need to turn in your homework next week. • Please return the compass and map after the class. • If you need to draw on the map, please use pencil and erase the drawing before returning it.

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